Norcross John C, Karpiak Christie P, Santoro Shannon O
Department of Psychology, University of Scranton, Scranton, PA 18510-4596, USA.
J Clin Psychol. 2005 Dec;61(12):1467-83. doi: 10.1002/jclp.20135.
For more than 40 years researchers have studied the members of the American Psychological Association's (APA) Division of Clinical Psychology to obtain information about their demographic characteristics, educational experiences, theoretical orientations, employment settings, professional activities, publication histories, and career satisfactions. We summarize the results from the most recent study (N=694, 46% return rate) in the historical context of the previous findings, dating back to 1960. We provide both contemporary and historical portraits of American clinical psychology. Among the most notable trends are a steady increase in female psychologists, a decline in psychological assessment in general and projective testing in particular, the modal eclectic/integrative orientation being rivaled by the cognitive orientation, a pattern of high career satisfaction, and continued enthusiasm for the Boulder model.
四十多年来，研究人员一直在对美国心理学会（APA）临床心理学分会的成员进行研究，以获取有关他们的人口统计学特征、教育经历、理论取向、工作环境、专业活动、出版历史和职业满意度的信息。我们将最新研究（N = 694，回复率46%）的结果置于此前研究结果的历史背景下进行总结，此前的研究可追溯到1960年。我们呈现了美国临床心理学的当代及历史全貌。其中最显著的趋势包括女性心理学家数量稳步增加、心理评估总体上呈下降趋势，尤其是投射测试，认知取向与模式化的折衷/整合取向形成竞争态势、职业满意度较高的模式，以及对博尔德模式持续的热情。
