Buchner Axel, Erdfelder Edgar
Institut für Experimentelle Psychologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
Mem Cognit. 2005 Jan;33(1):86-97. doi: 10.3758/bf03195299.
In this study, participants memorized frequent or rare target words in silence or while ignoring frequent or rare distractor words. Distractor words impaired recall performance, but low-frequency distractor words caused more impairment than did high-frequency distractor words. We demonstrate how to solve the identifiability problem for Schweickert's (1993) multinomial processing tree model of immediate recall, and then use this model to show that irrelevant speech affected both the probability with which intact target word representations were available for serial recall and the probability of successful reconstruction of item identities based on degraded short-term memory traces. However, the type of irrelevant speech--low-versus high-frequency words--selectively affected the probability of intact target word representations. These results are consistent with an explanation of the irrelevant speech effect within the framework proposed by Cowan (1995), and they pose problems for other explanations of the irrelevant speech effect. The analyses also confirm the validity of Schweickert's process model.
在本研究中，参与者在安静状态下或在忽略频繁或罕见的干扰词的同时，记忆频繁或罕见的目标词。干扰词会损害回忆表现，但低频干扰词比高频干扰词造成的损害更大。我们展示了如何解决施韦克特（1993年）即时回忆的多项式加工树模型的可识别性问题，然后使用该模型表明无关言语既影响了完整目标词表征可用于系列回忆的概率，也影响了基于退化的短期记忆痕迹成功重建项目身份的概率。然而，无关言语的类型——低频词与高频词——选择性地影响了完整目标词表征的概率。这些结果与考恩（1995年）提出的框架内对无关言语效应的解释一致，并且它们给无关言语效应的其他解释带来了问题。分析还证实了施韦克特过程模型的有效性。
