Wen C P, Cheng T Y, Lin C-L, Wu H-N, Levy D T, Chen L-K, Hsu C-C, Eriksen M P, Yang H-J, Tsai S P
Division of Health Policy Research, National Health Research Institutes, Taipei, Taiwan.
Tob Control. 2005 Jun;14 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):i56-61. doi: 10.1136/tc.2004.007997.
To assess the benefits of smoking cessation regarding mortality reduction after smokers quit, and regarding the health of newborns after smoking mothers quit.
Relative mortality risks (RR) for smokers aged 35 or older who quit years ago were calculated from the follow up of 71 361 civil servants and teachers recruited since 1989. Data from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System in Taipei City were used to calculate the odds ratios of body weights of newborns born to mothers of different smoking status.
Mortality risk for ex-smokers was significantly lower than that of current smokers for all causes (18%), all cancer (22%), lung cancer (39%), and ischaemic heart disease (54%). These benefits were not distinguishable initially, up to five years, but by year 17 and thereafter, substantial benefits of cessation accrued. Two thirds of smoking women quit during the first trimester of pregnancy, and only 2.2% of mothers smoked throughout pregnancy. The newborns from smoking mothers were smaller than those from never smoking mothers, but, if these mothers quit early in the first trimester, birth weights were normal.
The health benefits of smoking cessation, rarely reported for Asian populations, have been largely ignored by smokers in Taiwan, where cessation activities have been extremely limited. Findings of this study that risks from smoking can be attenuated or reversed should be widely communicated to motivate smokers to quit. Smokers should quit early, including smoking mothers, and not wait till medical conditions surfaced, to have the maximal benefits of cessation.
评估吸烟者戒烟后在降低死亡率方面以及吸烟母亲戒烟后对新生儿健康的益处。
通过对自1989年以来招募的71361名公务员和教师的随访，计算出多年前戒烟的35岁及以上吸烟者的相对死亡风险（RR）。利用台北市妊娠风险评估监测系统的数据，计算不同吸烟状况母亲所生新生儿体重的比值比。
所有原因（18%）、所有癌症（22%）、肺癌（39%）和缺血性心脏病（54%）的前吸烟者死亡风险均显著低于当前吸烟者。这些益处最初在长达五年的时间内并不明显，但到第17年及之后，戒烟的显著益处就显现出来了。三分之二的吸烟女性在怀孕的头三个月戒烟，只有2.2%的母亲在整个孕期都吸烟。吸烟母亲所生的新生儿比从不吸烟母亲所生的新生儿体重轻，但如果这些母亲在孕早期就戒烟，出生体重则正常。
戒烟对健康的益处，亚洲人群中鲜有报道，在台湾吸烟者中很大程度上被忽视，台湾的戒烟活动极为有限。本研究结果表明吸烟风险可减轻或逆转，应广泛传播以激励吸烟者戒烟。吸烟者应尽早戒烟，包括吸烟母亲，不要等到出现健康问题才戒烟，以便获得戒烟的最大益处。
