Gilles Jeremie, David Jean-Francois, Duvallet Gerard
Centre de cooperation Internationale Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement-Elevage et Médecine Vétérinaire Tropicales, St Pierre de La Reunion, France.
J Med Entomol. 2005 May;42(3):260-5. doi: 10.1093/jmedent/42.3.260.
Two stable fly species, Stomoxys calcitrans (L., 1758) and Stomoxys niger niger Macquart, 1851, co-occur in La Reunion, where they are important pests of cattle. The survival and developmental rate of the immature stages were compared at five constant temperatures from 15 to 35 degrees C. In both species, immature survival was highest at 20-25 degrees C and markedly decreased at 15 and 35 degrees C. At the lower temperatures, mortality was observed mainly for S. calcitrans larvae and S. niger eggs. At the higher temperatures, mainly pupae of both species died. At all temperatures, S. calcitrans survived better than S. niger. Developmental time was highly similar in both species, decreasing from 71 d at 15 degrees C to 13 d at 30 degrees C in S. calcitrans and from 69 d at 15 degrees C to 14 d at 30 degrees C in S. niger. Developmental times increased slightly at 35 degrees C. Surprisingly, the tropical S. niger developed slightly faster than the cosmopolitan S. calcitrans at 15-20 degrees C; the reverse was found at higher temperatures. Temperature summation models confirmed that S. niger had a lower developmental threshold than S. calcitrans (11.3 versus 12.2 degrees C) and higher day-degree (DD) requirements to complete development (251 versus 225 DD). Overall, the results suggest that S. calcitrans is better adapted than S. niger, in terms of adult production from eggs, in the temperature range of La Reunion.
两种厩螫蝇，即厩螫蝇（Stomoxys calcitrans，林奈，1758 年）和黑腹厩螫蝇（Stomoxys niger niger，马夸特，1851 年），在留尼汪岛共同出现，它们是牛的重要害虫。在 15 至 35 摄氏度的五个恒定温度下比较了未成熟阶段的存活率和发育速率。在这两个物种中，未成熟阶段的存活率在 20 - 25 摄氏度时最高，在 15 和 35 摄氏度时显著下降。在较低温度下，主要观察到厩螫蝇幼虫和黑腹厩螫蝇卵的死亡。在较高温度下，两个物种的蛹主要死亡。在所有温度下，厩螫蝇的存活率都比黑腹厩螫蝇好。两个物种的发育时间高度相似，厩螫蝇从 15 摄氏度时的 71 天减少到 30 摄氏度时的 13 天，黑腹厩螫蝇从 15 摄氏度时的 69 天减少到 30 摄氏度时的 14 天。在 35 摄氏度时发育时间略有增加。令人惊讶的是，在 15 - 20 摄氏度时，热带的黑腹厩螫蝇发育速度比世界性的厩螫蝇略快；在较高温度下则相反。温度总和模型证实，黑腹厩螫蝇的发育阈值低于厩螫蝇（11.3 摄氏度对 12.2 摄氏度），完成发育所需的日度（DD）更高（251 对 225 DD）。总体而言，结果表明，就从卵发育成成虫而言，在留尼汪岛的温度范围内，厩螫蝇比黑腹厩螫蝇更具适应性。
