Lysyk T J
Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
J Med Entomol. 1998 Mar;35(2):107-19. doi: 10.1093/jmedent/35.2.107.
Relationships between temperature and life history parameters were determined for the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.). Median immature developmental times ranged from > 60 d at 15 degrees C to < 12 d at 30 degrees C, with minimum time at 30.6 degrees C. Egg survival decreased from 0.98 at 15 degrees C to 0.91 at 20 degrees C, then increased to 0.98 at 35 degrees C. Larval survival ranged from 0.83 at 20 degrees C to 0.65 at 35 degrees C, and pupal survival ranged from 0.93 at 20 degrees C to 0.42 at 35 degrees C with maxima at 22.1 degrees C and 19.9 degrees C for larvae and pupae, respectively. Median longevity of females and males were greatest at 17.3 degrees C. Time to 50% survival ranged from > 30 d at 15 degrees C to < 6 d at 35 degrees C. Daily fecundity averaged 1.07, 8.89, 14.88, 26.22, and 7.90 eggs per female per day at 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 degrees C, respectively. Lifetime fecundity ranged from < 30 eggs per female at 15 and 35 degrees C to > 700 eggs per female at 25 degrees C and was greatest at 25.3 degrees C. Net reproductive rate, and the intrinsic rate of increase had maxima at 25.3 and 27.8 degrees C, and mean generation time was minimum at 33.4 degrees C. Proportional variation in the time of immature development and adult longevity were independent of temperature, but proportional variation in the time of oviposition was related inversely to temperature. Extreme temperatures appeared to lengthen the preoviposition period and reduce the duration of egg production. Relationships were compared with previous studies. Equations developed and presented in this article will be used to develop a temperature-dependent stable fly population model.
确定了厩螫蝇（Stomoxys calcitrans (L.)）温度与生活史参数之间的关系。未成熟发育时间中位数范围从15摄氏度时大于60天到30摄氏度时小于12天，在30.6摄氏度时时间最短。卵存活率从15摄氏度时的0.98降至20摄氏度时的0.91，然后在35摄氏度时升至0.98。幼虫存活率范围从20摄氏度时的0.83到35摄氏度时的0.65，蛹存活率范围从20摄氏度时的0.93到35摄氏度时的0.42，幼虫和蛹的存活率最大值分别出现在22.1摄氏度和19.9摄氏度。雌性和雄性的平均寿命在17.3摄氏度时最长。50%存活率的时间范围从15摄氏度时大于30天到35摄氏度时小于6天。每日产卵量在15、20、25、30和35摄氏度时分别平均为每只雌性每天1.07、8.89、14.88、26.22和7.90枚卵。终生产卵量范围从15和35摄氏度时每只雌性小于30枚卵到25摄氏度时每只雌性大于700枚卵，在25.3摄氏度时最大。净繁殖率和内禀增长率在25.3和27.8摄氏度时最大，平均世代时间在33.4摄氏度时最短。未成熟发育时间和成虫寿命的比例变化与温度无关，但产卵时间的比例变化与温度呈负相关。极端温度似乎会延长产卵前期并缩短产卵持续时间。将这些关系与之前的研究进行了比较。本文中开发并给出的方程将用于构建一个温度依赖的厩螫蝇种群模型。
