Pereira F, Pereira L, Van Asch B, Bradley D G, Amorim A
Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), R. Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
Mol Ecol. 2005 Jul;14(8):2313-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02594.x.
Goat is believed to be the first true livestock domesticated and, apart from its historical importance, keeps playing an essential economic role in very diverse human societies. We have analysed the female gene pool of all Portuguese autochthonous breeds (Bravia, Serrana, Charnequeira, Serpentina and Algarvia) through the mtDNA HVI sequencing of 288 unrelated animals sampled throughout the country. All breeds proved to be extremely diverse (average haplotype diversity of 0.977), in contrast with the Portuguese peripheral geographic situation in the distribution range of the species. Moreover, observed genetic distances between breeds do not correlate with microgeography inside Portugal. These observations are consistent with recurrent refreshment of the breeding stock through the introduction of exotic animals. Fitting the new data into the still loosely defined female genetic pool landscape of goats, all Portuguese animals, one sample excepted (belonging to Bravia), are classified into haplogroup A and haplotype sharing is geographically very sparse, including a Far East match. Our results confirm that goats stand out among most of domesticates as exceptionally diverse and showing an unparalleled degree of mobility of animals (at least females) used for reproductive purposes.
山羊被认为是最早被驯化的真正家畜，除了其历史重要性外，在非常多样化的人类社会中一直发挥着重要的经济作用。我们通过对全国范围内采样的288只无亲缘关系动物的线粒体DNA HVI测序，分析了所有葡萄牙本土品种（布拉维亚、塞拉纳、查内凯拉、塞尔彭蒂纳和阿尔加维亚）的雌性基因库。与该物种分布范围内葡萄牙所处的边缘地理位置形成对比的是，所有品种都表现出极高的多样性（平均单倍型多样性为0.977）。此外，各品种之间观察到的遗传距离与葡萄牙境内的微观地理情况并无关联。这些观察结果与通过引入外来动物对种畜进行反复更新的情况相符。将新数据纳入仍定义模糊的山羊雌性基因库图景中，所有葡萄牙动物（有一个样本除外，属于布拉维亚品种）都被归类为A单倍群，单倍型共享在地理上非常稀疏，包括一个与远东地区匹配的情况。我们的结果证实，山羊在大多数家养动物中脱颖而出，具有异常高的多样性，并且用于繁殖目的的动物（至少是雌性）表现出无与伦比的迁移程度。
