Eisenberg N, Fabes R A, Carlo G, Troyer D, Speer A L, Karbon M, Switzer G
Arizona State University, Tempe 85287.
Child Dev. 1992 Jun;63(3):583-602.
This study examined the relations of maternal vicarious emotional responding and child-rearing practices, as well as familial emotional environment, to 5-6 and 8-9-year-old children's vicarious emotional responding. There were some correspondences between mothers' and children's heart rate, facial, and self-reported reactions to a sympathy-inducing film. Maternal sympathy/perspective taking and reinforcement of sympathy/prosocial behavior, as well as negative subordinate emotion in the home, were associated with markers of girls' sympathy; mothers' personal distress (for girls), restrictiveness regarding displays of hurtful negative emotions (particularly for young girls), and negative dominant emotion in the home (for both sexes) were associated with markers of personal distress. Mothers' linking of the film character's experience to children's own experience was associated with children's responsiveness to the film, and mother's verbalizations during the film concerning her own emotional state and role taking were associated with boys' self-reported sympathy.
本研究考察了母亲的替代性情绪反应、育儿方式以及家庭情感环境与5至6岁和8至9岁儿童的替代性情绪反应之间的关系。母亲和孩子在观看引发同情的影片时，心率、面部表情及自我报告的反应之间存在一些对应关系。母亲的同情/观点采择、对同情/亲社会行为的强化以及家庭中的消极从属情绪与女孩的同情指标相关；母亲的个人困扰（针对女孩）、对有害消极情绪表达的限制（尤其针对年幼女孩）以及家庭中的消极主导情绪（针对两性）与个人困扰指标相关。母亲将影片角色的经历与孩子自身经历相联系，这与孩子对影片的反应能力有关，而母亲在影片播放过程中关于自身情绪状态和角色采择的言语表达与男孩自我报告的同情有关。
