von Hippel William, Gonsalkorale Karen
University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Psychol Sci. 2005 Jul;16(7):497-500. doi: 10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.01563.x.
An experiment explored the hypothesis that inhibitory ability helps people stop themselves from engaging in socially inappropriate behavior. All participants completed a Stroop color-naming task, after which half of the participants were asked to remember an eight-digit number (inducing divided attention). Participants were then offered an unfamiliar and visually unappetizing food product (a chicken foot) under conditions of either low or high social pressure to pretend that it was appealing. Participants who had full attention available and were under pressure to pretend the food was appealing were least likely to emit a negative response, and performance on the Stroop task predicted the degree to which they successfully restrained negative responses. These results suggest that the cognitive ability to inhibit unwanted information facilitates socially appropriate behavior.
抑制能力有助于人们避免自己做出社会不适当行为。所有参与者都完成了一项斯特鲁普颜色命名任务，之后，其中一半参与者被要求记住一个八位数（引发注意力分散）。然后，在低或高社会压力条件下，向参与者提供一种不熟悉且视觉上缺乏吸引力的食品（一只鸡脚），要求他们假装它很有吸引力。有充分注意力且面临假装食品有吸引力压力的参与者最不可能做出负面反应，并且斯特鲁普任务的表现预测了他们成功抑制负面反应的程度。这些结果表明，抑制不必要信息的认知能力有助于社会适当行为。
