Spackman Erica, Stallknecht David E, Slemons Richard D, Winker Kevin, Suarez David L, Scott Melissa, Swayne David E
Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, 934 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30605, USA.
Virus Res. 2005 Dec;114(1-2):89-100. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.05.013. Epub 2005 Jul 21.
The matrix (M) (98 isolates), nucleoprotein (NP) (67 isolates), non-structural (NS) (107 isolates), H4 subtype HA1 (21 isolates) and H6 (38 isolates) subtype HA1 region of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene were sequenced from avian influenza viruses isolated from North American wild aquatic birds between 1969 and 2003. Sequences were compared phylogenetically with all available wild aquatic bird isolate sequences and sequences from isolates from gallinaceous poultry and mammalian host species. Among the wild aquatic bird isolates the NS subtype B NS1 and subtype B NS2 proteins were the most conserved with minimum amino acid identities of 98.0 and 99.0%, respectively. The H6 HA1, M and NS subtype A genes were more divergent; both nucleotide and amino acid divergence levels were similar to those of the same genes from gallinaceous poultry and mammalian origin type A influenza isolates. Phylogenetically none of the genes assorted geographically (within North America), chronologically or by species of origin, unlike isolates from non-natural host species, suggesting that selection pressure is low. A lack of clear temporal or spatial grouping shows that multiple lineages of virus co-circulate and precludes the development of an epidemiological map for influenza virus from these species.
对1969年至2003年间从北美野生水鸟中分离出的禽流感病毒的基质蛋白（M）（98个分离株）、核蛋白（NP）（67个分离株）、非结构蛋白（NS）（107个分离株）、血凝素（HA）基因的H4亚型HA1（21个分离株）和H6亚型HA1区域（38个分离株）进行了测序。将这些序列与所有可用的野生水鸟分离株序列以及来自鸡形目家禽和哺乳动物宿主物种的分离株序列进行了系统发育比较。在野生水鸟分离株中，B亚型NS1和NS2蛋白最为保守，氨基酸同一性最低分别为98.0%和99.0%。H6 HA1、M和A亚型NS基因的差异更大；核苷酸和氨基酸的差异水平与来自鸡形目家禽和哺乳动物源A型流感分离株的相同基因相似。与来自非天然宿主物种的分离株不同，从系统发育来看，这些基因在地理上（北美范围内）、时间上或来源物种方面均未分类，这表明选择压力较低。缺乏明确的时间或空间分组表明多种病毒谱系共同传播，并且无法绘制出这些物种的流感病毒流行病学图谱。
