Janssen Steve M J, Chessa Antonio G, Murre Jaap M J
University of Amsterdam, Department of Psychology, Roetersstraat 15, NL-1018 WB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Memory. 2005 Aug;13(6):658-68. doi: 10.1080/09658210444000322.
We investigated the age distribution of autobiographical memories with the Galton-Crovitz method through the Internet. Almost 2000 participants in the United States and the Netherlands aged between 11 and 70 years participated. They were presented with 10 cue words, and were asked to recall and date autobiographical memories. We found strong evidence for a "reminiscence bump" in all participant groups at all ages, with peaks at ages 15--18 for men and 13--14 for women. This peak could be localised more precisely than in previous studies due to our large sample size. We were able to remove the forgetting effect from the empirical age distribution with a method that allows separate estimation of memory encoding and forgetting. American participants showed a tendency to report older memories than the Dutch. Age group and level of education did not influence the lifetime encoding function.
我们通过互联网使用高尔顿-克罗维茨方法研究了自传体记忆的年龄分布。美国和荷兰近2000名年龄在11岁至70岁之间的参与者参与了研究。他们被给出10个提示词，并被要求回忆自传体记忆并注明日期。我们发现所有年龄组的所有参与者群体中都有强烈的“回忆高峰”证据，男性的高峰年龄在15 - 18岁，女性在13 - 14岁。由于我们的样本量较大，这个高峰比以往研究中定位得更精确。我们能够用一种允许分别估计记忆编码和遗忘的方法从经验年龄分布中去除遗忘效应。美国参与者倾向于报告比荷兰参与者更久远的记忆。年龄组和教育水平并未影响终生编码函数。
