Yngve Agneta, Wolf Alexandra, Poortvliet Eric, Elmadfa Ibrahim, Brug Johannes, Ehrenblad Bettina, Franchini Bela, Haraldsdóttir Jóhanna, Krølner Rikke, Maes Lea, Pérez-Rodrigo Carmen, Sjostrom Michael, Thórsdóttir Inga, Klepp Knut-Inge
Department of Biosciences, Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Ann Nutr Metab. 2005 Jul-Aug;49(4):236-45. doi: 10.1159/000087247. Epub 2005 Jul 28.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: An adequate fruit and vegetable intake provides essential nutrients and nutritive compounds and is considered an important part of a healthy lifestyle. No simple instrument has been available for the assessment of fruit and vegetable intake as well as its determinants in school-aged children applicable in different European countries. Within the Pro Children Project, such an instrument has been developed. This paper describes the cross-sectional survey in 11-year-olds in 9 countries.
The cross-sectional survey used nationally, and in 2 countries regionally, representative samples of schools and classes. The questionnaires, including a precoded 24-hour recall component and a food frequency part, were completed in the classroom. Data were treated using common syntax files for portion sizes and for merging of vegetable types into four subgroups.
The results show that the fruit and vegetable intake in amounts and choice were highly diverse in the 9 participating countries. Vegetable intake was in general lower than fruit intake, boys consumed less fruit and vegetables than girls did. The highest total intake according to the 24-hour recall was found in Austria and Portugal, the lowest in Spain and Iceland.
The fruit and vegetable intake in 11-year-old children was in all countries far from reaching population goals and food-based dietary guidelines on national and international levels.
背景/目的：充足的水果和蔬菜摄入量能提供必需的营养素和营养化合物，被视为健康生活方式的重要组成部分。目前尚无适用于不同欧洲国家学龄儿童的简单工具来评估其水果和蔬菜摄入量及其决定因素。在“关爱儿童项目”中，已开发出这样一种工具。本文描述了对9个国家11岁儿童的横断面调查。
横断面调查采用全国性样本，并在2个国家采用区域性样本，选取具有代表性的学校和班级。问卷在课堂上完成，包括一个预编码的24小时回忆部分和一个食物频率部分。使用通用语法文件处理数据，以确定食物分量，并将蔬菜类型合并为四个亚组。
结果表明，9个参与国的水果和蔬菜摄入量在数量和选择上差异很大。蔬菜摄入量总体低于水果摄入量，男孩摄入的水果和蔬菜比女孩少。根据24小时回忆法，奥地利和葡萄牙的总摄入量最高，西班牙和冰岛最低。
在所有国家，11岁儿童的水果和蔬菜摄入量远远未达到国家和国际层面的人群目标及基于食物的膳食指南要求。
