Okun Barbara S, Friedlander Dov
Department of sociology and Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
Popul Stud (Camb). 2005 Jul;59(2):163-80. doi: 10.1080/00324720500099405.
Arabs in Israel are a heterogeneous but largely underprivileged minority with a history of disadvantage in several domains, including education and employment. In this paper, we document changes in their attainment of various educational levels across cohorts born from the mid-1920s to the 1970s. We make comparisons among different Arab religious groups, between men and women, and between Arabs and the majority Jewish populations in Israel. We find that over consecutive birth cohorts, substantial ethnic differences in educational attainment have narrowed at the lower levels of schooling, but have increased at higher levels. Moreover, the results indicate that the disadvantage of Muslim Arabs in terms of entry into and completion of high school can be accounted for only partially by differences in the social status of their parents and characteristics of their neighbourhoods. The findings suggest that long-term historical differences among groups and discriminatory practices towards Arabs are important factors in explanations of disparities in educational attainment.
以色列的阿拉伯人是一个构成多样但大多处于弱势的少数群体，在包括教育和就业在内的多个领域都长期处于不利地位。在本文中，我们记录了从20世纪20年代中期到70年代出生的各代阿拉伯人在不同教育水平上的成就变化。我们对不同的阿拉伯宗教群体、男女之间以及阿拉伯人与以色列占多数的犹太人口之间进行了比较。我们发现，在连续的出生队列中，受教育程度上的显著种族差异在低教育水平上有所缩小，但在高教育水平上却有所增加。此外，结果表明，穆斯林阿拉伯人在进入高中和完成高中学业方面的劣势，只能部分地由其父母的社会地位和邻里特征的差异来解释。研究结果表明，群体之间的长期历史差异以及对阿拉伯人的歧视性做法是解释教育成就差距的重要因素。
