Zilker Thomas
Department of Clinical Toxicology, II, Medical Clinic, Technical University, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81664 Munich, Germany.
Toxicology. 2005 Oct 30;214(3):221-31. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2005.06.028. Epub 2005 Aug 10.
Successful management of incidents with chemical warfare agents strongly depends on the speed of medical help and the ability of helpers to react properly. Though the general principles of clinical toxicology, such as decontamination, stabilization, patient evaluation and symptomatic treatment are similar for many toxicants, chemical warfare agents deserve special attention because of their very high inhalative and cutaneous toxicity, rapid onset of the disease and multiple organ failures. This article describes the medical management of mass casualties with blister agents, nerve agents and blood agents from the viewpoint of a clinical toxicologist. Characteristic diagnostic signs, decontamination procedures and therapeutic schemes for these agents are described. Treatment options are discussed. The importance of planning (e.g. antidote availability) and preparedness is emphasized.
化学战剂事故的成功处理很大程度上取决于医疗救助的速度以及救助人员正确应对的能力。尽管临床毒理学的一般原则，如去污、稳定病情、患者评估和对症治疗，对许多毒物来说是相似的，但化学战剂因其极高的吸入性和皮肤毒性、疾病的快速发作以及多器官衰竭而值得特别关注。本文从临床毒理学家的角度描述了使用糜烂性毒剂、神经性毒剂和血液毒剂造成的大规模伤亡的医疗处理。描述了这些毒剂的特征性诊断体征、去污程序和治疗方案。讨论了治疗选择。强调了规划（如解毒剂供应）和准备工作的重要性。
