Verhaeghe Sofie, Defloor Tom, Grypdonck Mieke
Nursing Science, Ghent University, Belgium.
J Clin Nurs. 2005 Sep;14(8):1004-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2005.01126.x.
This literature review aims to structure the available information on the psychological reactions of family members confronted with traumatic brain injury. The stress-coping theory and the systems theory provide the theoretical framework for this review.
Literature review.
The level of stress experienced by the family members of patients who have traumatic brain injury is such that professional intervention is appropriate, even after 10-15 years. Not the severity of the injury but the nature of the injuries determines the level of stress. Partners experience more stress than parents. Children have specific difficulties. Young families with little social support, financial, psychiatric and/or medical problems are the most vulnerable. Coping with traumatic brain injury can be described in phases. The better family members can cope with the situation, the better the patient's recovery. There are functional and non-functional coping mechanisms and coping is influenced by such factors as gender, social and professional support and the possibility to have reciprocal communication or an affective relation with the patient.
Support from professionals reduces the stress being experienced and encourages people to cope effectively. Conflicts with professional carers should be avoided. Every attempt should be made to develop models of long-term support and care that alleviate sources of burden on relatives. Further research is necessary to develop such models.
本综述旨在梳理有关创伤性脑损伤患者家庭成员心理反应的现有信息。压力应对理论和系统理论为本次综述提供了理论框架。
文献综述。
创伤性脑损伤患者家庭成员所经历的压力程度表明，即便在10至15年后，专业干预仍是恰当的。决定压力程度的并非损伤的严重程度，而是损伤的性质。伴侣比父母承受更多压力。儿童有特定的困难。社会支持少、存在经济、精神和/或医疗问题的年轻家庭最为脆弱。应对创伤性脑损伤可分为几个阶段。家庭成员应对情况的能力越强，患者的康复情况就越好。存在功能性和非功能性应对机制，应对受性别、社会和专业支持以及与患者进行双向沟通或建立情感关系的可能性等因素影响。
专业人员的支持可减轻所经历的压力，并鼓励人们有效应对。应避免与专业护理人员发生冲突。应尽一切努力建立长期支持和护理模式，减轻亲属的负担来源。有必要开展进一步研究以建立此类模式。
