de Dianous Valérie, Fiévez Cécile
INERIS, Direction des Risques Accidentels, Parc technologique Alata, BP2 60 550 Verneuil en Halatte, France.
J Hazard Mater. 2006 Mar 31;130(3):220-33. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2005.07.010. Epub 2005 Aug 16.
Over the last two decades a growing interest for risk analysis has been noted in the industries. The ARAMIS project has defined a methodology for risk assessment. This methodology has been built to help the industrialist to demonstrate that they have a sufficient risk control on their site. Risk analysis consists first in the identification of all the major accidents, assuming that safety functions in place are inefficient. This step of identification of the major accidents uses bow-tie diagrams. Secondly, the safety barriers really implemented on the site are taken into account. The barriers are identified on the bow-ties. An evaluation of their performance (response time, efficiency, and level of confidence) is performed to validate that they are relevant for the expected safety function. At last, the evaluation of their probability of failure enables to assess the frequency of occurrence of the accident. The demonstration of the risk control based on a couple gravity/frequency of occurrence is also possible for all the accident scenarios. During the risk analysis, a practical tool called risk graph is used to assess if the number and the reliability of the safety functions for a given cause are sufficient to reach a good risk control.
在过去二十年中，各行业对风险分析的兴趣与日俱增。ARAMIS项目定义了一种风险评估方法。该方法旨在帮助实业家证明他们在其场所拥有充分的风险控制措施。风险分析首先包括识别所有重大事故，假设现有的安全功能效率低下。识别重大事故的这一步骤使用蝴蝶结图。其次，要考虑在场所实际实施的安全屏障。这些屏障在蝴蝶结图上被识别出来。对其性能（响应时间、效率和置信水平）进行评估，以验证它们与预期的安全功能相关。最后，对其失效概率的评估能够评估事故发生的频率。对于所有事故场景，基于严重性/发生频率对风险控制进行论证也是可行的。在风险分析过程中，使用一种名为风险图的实用工具来评估针对给定原因的安全功能的数量和可靠性是否足以实现良好的风险控制。
