Marrao Claudia, Tikuisis Peter, Keefe Allan A, Gil Valerie, Giesbrecht Gordon G
Laboratory for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Health, Leisure, and Human Performance Research Institute, Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation Studies, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2005 Aug;76(8):744-52.
Physiological responses, physical performance, and cognitive performance were measured during military cold weather survival courses to determine the effects of long-term cold exposure on training safety and potential survival ability.
There were 28 males, from 5 9-d winter survival courses, who participated. Cognitive performance was evaluated through logical reasoning, planning, and vigilance. Physical performance was evaluated with tests of hand function and arm strength. Subjective cold sensation scale (CSS), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and mood indicators were quantified. Core temperature (T(core0) and HR were recorded continuously throughout the courses, and fingertip temperature (T(finger)) was also recorded during testing. Hematocrit values to indicate hydration status were obtained from blood samples taken on three occasions.
Mean air temperature (T(air)) during the testing periods ranged from -24.4 to 4.4 degrees C among the five courses. Hydration level and T(core) remained normal throughout all courses while T(finger) decreased with decreasing T(air). Finger dexterity deteriorated by 23-28% when T(finger) decreased from 18 to 10 degrees C. Muscular strength was decreased by a small (4%) but significant amount over 6 d of testing. Cognitive function was unaffected by cold air or time on the course. Mood indicators were consistent with CSS and RPE scores.
Under the exposure conditions and availability of basic survival equipment, including water, described herein, and in the absence of trauma, healthy fit individuals can participate in this military training without any serious decrements in cognitive and physical performance. In an actual survival situation, similarly decreased dexterity may adversely affect survival activities.
在军事寒冷天气生存课程期间，对生理反应、身体机能和认知能力进行了测量，以确定长期寒冷暴露对训练安全和潜在生存能力的影响。
有来自5个为期9天的冬季生存课程的28名男性参与。通过逻辑推理、规划和警觉性来评估认知能力。通过手部功能和手臂力量测试来评估身体机能。对主观冷感量表（CSS）、自感用力度（RPE）和情绪指标进行量化。在整个课程中持续记录核心体温（T(core)）和心率（HR），在测试期间还记录指尖温度（T(finger)）。从三次采集的血样中获取用于指示水合状态的血细胞比容值。
在五个课程的测试期间，平均气温（T(air)）范围为-24.4至4.4摄氏度。在所有课程中，水合水平和T(core)保持正常，而T(finger)随T(air)的降低而下降。当T(finger)从18摄氏度降至10摄氏度时，手指灵活性下降了23%-28%。在6天的测试中，肌肉力量虽有少量（4%）但显著下降。认知功能不受冷空气或课程时长的影响。情绪指标与CSS和RPE分数一致。
在本文所述的暴露条件和有包括水在内的基本生存装备的情况下，且无创伤时，健康的个体可以参加此军事训练，而认知和身体机能不会有任何严重下降。在实际生存情况下，类似的灵活性下降可能会对生存活动产生不利影响。
