Ham Sandra A, Macera Caroline A, Lindley Corina
Health Statistician, Physical Activity and Health Branch, Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Mail Stop K-46, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
Prev Chronic Dis. 2005 Oct;2(4):A14. Epub 2005 Sep 15.
The purpose of this study was to examine trends in walking for transportation among U.S. adults and youth for Healthy People 2010 objective 22-14. The objective calls for increasing the proportion of trips of 1 mile or less made by walking to 25% for adults and 50% for youth. National transportation surveys are used to track national health objectives, but data interpretation and caveats to use have not been discussed in the public health literature to date.
Cross-sectional analyses at two time points used data from the 1995 Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey and the subsequent 2001 National Household Travel Survey. The populations of interest were U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized adults (aged 18 years and older) and youth (aged 5 to 15 years). Trends were reported for the percentage of walking trips of 1 mile or less for transportation (adults) and walking trips of 1 mile or less to school (youth) using 86,286 trips (1995) and 119,462 trips (2001) made by adults and 3114 trips (1995) and 4073 trips (2001) made by youth.
Of trips of 1 mile or less, adults reported more walking in 2001 (21.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 20.5-21.9) than in 1995 (16.7%; CI, 15.9-17.5). For trips to school of 1 mile or less, youths also increased walking from 1995 (31.3%; CI, 27.9-34.4) to 2001 (35.9%; CI, 33.0-38.8). Changes in survey methodology affected the interpretation of the Healthy People 2010 trends.
In spite of small increases in walking between 1995 and 2001 accompanying a change in survey methodology, U.S. adults and youth fall short of meeting Healthy People 2010 walking objectives for trips of 1 mile or less.
本研究旨在探讨美国成年人及青少年为实现《健康人民2010》目标22 - 14而选择步行出行的趋势。该目标要求将1英里及以内的步行出行比例提高到：成年人达到25%，青少年达到50%。国家交通调查用于追踪国家健康目标，但截至目前，公共卫生文献中尚未对数据解读及使用注意事项进行讨论。
在两个时间点进行横断面分析，使用了1995年全国个人交通调查及后续2001年全国家庭出行调查的数据。研究对象为美国非机构化平民成年人（18岁及以上）和青少年（5至15岁）。报告了1英里及以内交通出行的步行比例（成年人）以及1英里及以内上学出行的步行比例（青少年）的趋势，使用的数据包括成年人的86,286次出行（1995年）和119,462次出行（2001年），以及青少年的3114次出行（1995年）和4073次出行（2001年）。
在1英里及以内的出行中，成年人报告的2001年步行比例（21.2%；95%置信区间[CI]，20.5 - 21.9）高于1995年（16.7%；CI，15.9 - 17.5）。对于1英里及以内的上学出行，青少年的步行比例也从1995年（31.3%；CI, 27.9 - 34.4）增加到2001年（35.9%；CI, 33.0 - 38.8）。调查方法的变化影响了对《健康人民2010》趋势的解读。
尽管在1995年至2001年期间随着调查方法的改变步行量略有增加，但美国成年人和青少年在1英里及以内出行方面未达到《健康人民2010》的步行目标。
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