MMWR Surveill Summ. 2015 Aug 28;64(7):1-17.
PROBLEM/CONDITION: Physical activity is a health-enhancing behavior, and most U.S. adults do not meet the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. Active transportation, such as by walking or bicycling, is one way that persons can be physically active. No comprehensive, multiyear assessments of active transportation surveillance in the United States have been conducted.
1999-2012.
Five surveillance systems assess one or more components of active transportation. The American Community Survey and the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) both assess the mode of transportation to work in the past week. From these systems, the proportion of respondents who reported walking or bicycling to work can be calculated. NHTS and the American Time Use Survey include 1-day assessments of trips or activities. With that information, the proportion of respondents who report any walking or bicycling for transportation can be calculated. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the National Health Interview Survey both assess recent (i.e., in the past week or past month) habitual physical activity behaviors, including those performed during active travel. From these systems, the proportion of respondents who report any recent habitual active transportation can be calculated.
The prevalence of active transportation as the primary commute mode to work in the past week ranged from 2.6% to 3.4%. The 1-day assessment indicated that the prevalence of any active transportation ranged from 10.5% to 18.5%. The prevalence of any habitual active transportation ranged from 23.9% to 31.4%. No consistent trends in active transportation across time periods and surveillance systems were identified. Among systems, active transportation was usually more common among men, younger respondents, and minority racial/ethnic groups. Among education groups, the highest prevalence of active transportation was usually among the least or most educated groups, and active transportation tended to be more prevalent in densely populated, urban areas.
Active transportation is assessed in a wide variety of ways in multiple surveillance systems. Different assessment techniques and construct definitions result in widely discrepant estimates of active transportation; however, some consistent patterns were detected across covariates. Although each type of assessment (i.e., transportation to work, single day, and habitual behavior) measures a different active transportation component, all can be used to monitor population trends in active transportation participation.
An understanding of the strengths, limitations, and lack of comparability of active transportation assessment techniques is necessary to correctly evaluate findings from the various surveillance systems. When used appropriately, these systems can be used by public health and transportation professionals to monitor population participation in active transportation and plan and evaluate interventions that influence active transportation.
问题/状况：身体活动是一种促进健康的行为，而大多数美国成年人不符合 2008 年美国人身体活动指南。积极的交通方式，如步行或骑自行车，是人们进行身体活动的一种方式。美国尚未进行过全面的、多年期的积极交通监测评估。
1999-2012 年。
五个监测系统评估了积极交通的一个或多个组成部分。美国社区调查和国家家庭出行调查（NHTS）都评估了过去一周的工作出行方式。根据这些系统，可以计算出报告步行或骑自行车上班的受访者比例。NHTS 和美国时间使用调查包括一天的出行或活动评估。根据这些信息，可以计算出报告任何步行或骑自行车用于交通的受访者比例。国家健康和营养检查调查以及国家健康访谈调查都评估了最近（即过去一周或过去一个月）的习惯性身体活动行为，包括在积极出行期间进行的活动。根据这些系统，可以计算出报告任何最近习惯性积极交通的受访者比例。
过去一周作为主要通勤方式的积极交通的流行率在 2.6%至 3.4%之间。一天的评估显示，任何积极交通的流行率在 10.5%至 18.5%之间。任何习惯性积极交通的流行率在 23.9%至 31.4%之间。在不同的时间段和监测系统中，没有发现积极交通的一致趋势。在各个系统中，积极交通在男性、年轻受访者和少数族裔中更为常见。在教育群体中，积极交通的流行率通常在受教育程度最低或最高的群体中最高，并且积极交通在人口密集的城市地区更为普遍。
积极交通以多种方式在多个监测系统中进行评估。不同的评估技术和构建定义导致积极交通的估计值存在很大差异；然而，在不同的协变量中也发现了一些一致的模式。尽管每种评估类型（即工作出行、单日和习惯性行为）都测量了不同的积极交通组成部分，但所有这些类型都可以用于监测积极交通参与的人口趋势。
了解积极交通评估技术的优势、局限性和缺乏可比性，对于正确评估各种监测系统的结果至关重要。公共卫生和交通专业人员在适当使用时，可以使用这些系统来监测人口对积极交通的参与度，并计划和评估影响积极交通的干预措施。
