Clark William A V
Department of Geography, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Oct 25;102(43):15307-12. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0507308102. Epub 2005 Oct 17.
Neighborhoods have become the focus of questions about how they affect the families that live within them. A current working assumption of some federal policies is that, with help, households can escape poverty neighborhoods and change their spatial context. How true is this, especially for low-income households, and does changing neighborhoods have measurable benefits? The study uses data from the Moving to Opportunity program, initiated by the Department of Housing and Urban Development, to test whether policy interventions by means of housing vouchers have aided moves away from low-poverty areas and into integrated residential settings. By examining the neighborhood demography of the initial and subsequent locations of the samples, it is possible to assess the success of the objectives of decreasing poverty and increasing integration. Although the program has shown some success in assisting households to live in lower-poverty neighborhoods, the findings here emphasize just how difficult it is to intervene in dynamic processes such as housing choice and mobility to create policy outcomes.
社区已成为人们关注的焦点，即它们如何影响居住在其中的家庭。当前一些联邦政策的一个现行假设是，在得到帮助的情况下，家庭能够逃离贫困社区并改变其空间环境。对于低收入家庭而言，情况究竟如何？改变社区是否有可衡量的益处？该研究使用了由住房和城市发展部发起的“搬到机会”项目的数据，以测试住房券形式的政策干预是否有助于人们从低贫困地区搬至融合居住环境。通过考察样本最初及后续居住地点的社区人口统计学特征，便有可能评估减少贫困和增强融合这两个目标的实现情况。尽管该项目在帮助家庭居住在贫困程度较低的社区方面已取得一些成效，但此处的研究结果强调了干预诸如住房选择和流动性等动态过程以实现政策目标是多么困难。
