Salvatore S, Keymolen K, Hauser B, Vandenplas Y
Clinica Pediatrica di Varese, Università dell'Insubria, Varese, Italy.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2005 Nov;16(7):558-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2005.00315.x.
The etiology of allergy is multifactorial, with many variables contributing to the final expression of atopic disease. Three breeding grounds are needed to develop allergic disease: the appropriate genetic background, contact with the allergen(s) and environmental factors. Timing and dosing of allergen(s) are of major importance. Contact with (dietary) allergens and various agents such as tobacco smoke and infections occur not only during post-natal life, but also perinatally and even pre-natally. A critical review of published evidence regarding the impact of maternal exposure to antigens during pregnancy on later development of allergy in the offspring can only conclude that more research is urgently needed. Contact with multiple dietary allergens should be in general of benefit to the fetus to develop tolerance. Current knowledge suggests that pregnant women should have a normal diversified diet, avoiding toxic agents such as tobacco and alcohol. The role of maternal intake of poly-unsaturated fatty acids on the development of atopy in the infants needs to be further evaluated. If parental history would be insufficient to determine the fetal risk, preventive measurements would be advisable for all fetuses.
过敏的病因是多因素的，许多变量促成了特应性疾病的最终表现。引发过敏性疾病需要三个滋生地：合适的遗传背景、接触过敏原和环境因素。过敏原的接触时机和剂量至关重要。接触（饮食中的）过敏原以及各种物质，如烟草烟雾和感染，不仅发生在出生后，也发生在围产期甚至产前。对已发表的关于孕期母亲接触抗原对后代日后过敏发展影响的证据进行严格审查后只能得出结论，迫切需要更多研究。一般来说，接触多种饮食过敏原有利于胎儿产生耐受性。目前的知识表明，孕妇应保持正常的多样化饮食，避免接触烟草和酒精等有毒物质。母亲摄入多不饱和脂肪酸对婴儿特应性发展的作用需要进一步评估。如果仅凭父母的病史不足以确定胎儿的风险，那么对所有胎儿采取预防性措施是可取的。
