Nevin John A, Davison Michael, Shahan Timothy A
University of New Hampshire, USA.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2005 Sep;84(2):281-303. doi: 10.1901/jeab.2005.97-04.
A model of conditional discrimination performance (Davison & Nevin, 1999) is combined with the notion that unmeasured attending to the sample and comparison stimuli, in the steady state and during disruption, depends on reinforcement in the same way as predicted for overt free-operant responding by behavioral momentum theory (Nevin & Grace, 2000). The rate of observing behavior, a measurable accompaniment of attending, is well described by an equation for steady-state responding derived from momentum theory, and the resistance to change of observing conforms to predictions of momentum theory, supporting a key assumption of the model. When probabilities of attending are less than 1.0, the model accounts for some aspects of conditional-discrimination performance that posed problems for the Davison-Nevin model: (a) the effects of differential reinforcement on the allocation of responses to the comparison stimuli and on accuracy in several matching-to-sample and signal-detection tasks where the differences between the stimuli or responses were varied across conditions, (b) the effects of overall reinforcer rate on the asymptotic level and resistance to change of both response rate and accuracy of matching to sample in multiple schedules, and (c) the effects of fixed-ratio reinforcement on accuracy. Some tests and extensions of the model are suggested, and the role of unmeasured events in behavior theory is considered.
一种条件性辨别表现模型（戴维森和内文，1999）与这样一种观点相结合，即未测量的对样本和比较刺激的注意，在稳态和干扰期间，与行为动量理论（内文和格雷斯，2000）对明显的自由操作反应所预测的方式相同，取决于强化。观察行为的速率，即注意的一种可测量的伴随物，由从动量理论推导出来的稳态反应方程很好地描述，并且观察行为的变化抗性符合动量理论的预测，支持了该模型的一个关键假设。当注意概率小于1.0时，该模型解释了条件性辨别表现的一些方面，这些方面给戴维森 - 内文模型带来了问题：（a）差异强化对比较刺激的反应分配以及在几种样本匹配和信号检测任务中的准确性的影响，在这些任务中刺激或反应之间的差异在不同条件下变化；（b）总体强化率对多重时间表中样本匹配的反应率和准确性的渐近水平以及变化抗性的影响；（c）固定比率强化对准确性的影响。提出了该模型的一些测试和扩展，并考虑了未测量事件在行为理论中的作用。
