Department of Psychology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2012 May;97(3):281-304. doi: 10.1901/jeab.2012.97-281.
Four experiments examined relapse of extinguished observing behavior of pigeons using a two-component multiple schedule of observing-response procedures. In both components, unsignaled periods of variable-interval (VI) food reinforcement alternated with extinction and observing responses produced stimuli associated with the availability of the VI schedule (i.e., S+). The components differed in the rate of food arranged (Rich = VI 30 s; Lean = VI 120 s). In Experiment 1, following baseline training, extinction of observing involved removal of both food and S+ deliveries, and reinstatement was examined by presenting either response-independent food or S+ deliveries. In Experiment 2, extinction involved removal of only food deliveries while observing responses continued to produce S+. Reinstatement was examined by delivering food contingent upon the first two food-key responses occurring in the presence of the S+. Experiment 3 assessed ABA renewal of observing by extinguishing food-key and observing responses in the presence of one contextual stimulus (i.e., B) and then returning to the original training context (i.e., A) during continued extinction. Experiment 4 examined resurgence by introducing food reinforcement for an alternative response during extinction, and subsequently removing that alternative source of food. Across experiments, relative resistance to extinction and relapse of observing tended to be greater in the component previously associated with the higher rate of primary reinforcement. Relapse of observing or attending to stimuli associated with primary reinforcement appears to be impacted by frequency of primary reinforcement in a manner similar to responding maintained directly by primary reinforcement.
四个实验采用观察反应程序的双成分多时间表来检验已灭绝的鸽子观察行为的复发。在两个成分中，不定时的食物强化期（VI）与灭绝和观察反应交替出现，观察反应产生与 VI 时间表可用性相关的刺激（即 S+）。成分在食物安排的速度上有所不同（Rich = VI 30 s；Lean = VI 120 s）。在实验 1 中，在基线训练之后，观察的灭绝涉及食物和 S+交付的移除，通过呈现独立于反应的食物或 S+交付来检查恢复。在实验 2 中，灭绝只涉及食物交付的移除，而观察反应继续产生 S+。通过在 S+存在的情况下，仅对前两个食物键响应进行交付来检查恢复。实验 3 通过在一种上下文刺激（即 B）存在下灭绝食物键和观察反应，然后在继续灭绝期间返回到原始训练上下文（即 A），评估观察的 ABA 再生。实验 4 通过在灭绝期间引入替代反应的食物强化，以及随后去除该替代食物来源，检查复苏。在所有实验中，先前与更高的主要强化率相关联的成分中，对灭绝和观察复发的相对抵抗力倾向于更大。观察或注意与主要强化相关的刺激的复发似乎受到主要强化频率的影响，与直接由主要强化维持的反应相似。
