Stern Claudio D, Charité Jeroen, Deschamps Jacqueline, Duboule Denis, Durston Anthony J, Kmita Marie, Nicolas Jean-François, Palmeirim Isabel, Smith Jim C, Wolpert Lewis
European Union Network of Excellence Cells into Organs, University College London, UK.
Int J Dev Biol. 2006;50(1):3-15. doi: 10.1387/ijdb.052095cs.
When, where and how is the head-tail axis of the embryo set up during development? These are such fundamental and intensely studied questions that one might expect them to have been answered long ago. Not so; we still understand very little about the cellular or molecular mechanisms that lead to the orderly arrangement of body elements along the head-tail axis in vertebrates. In this paper, we outline some of the major outstanding problems and controversies and try to identify some reasons why it has been so difficult to resolve this important issue.
在胚胎发育过程中，头尾轴是何时、何地以及如何建立的？这些都是极其基础且经过深入研究的问题，人们可能会认为它们早就有了答案。然而并非如此；对于脊椎动物中导致身体各部分沿头尾轴有序排列的细胞或分子机制，我们仍然知之甚少。在本文中，我们概述了一些主要的突出问题和争议，并试图找出为何解决这个重要问题如此困难的一些原因。
