Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.
Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.
J Infect Dis. 2018 Oct 5;218(10):1602-1610. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiy357.
Nipah virus (NiV) is a paramyxovirus (genus Henipavirus) that can cause severe respiratory illness and encephalitis in humans. Transmission occurs through consumption of NiV-contaminated foods, and contact with NiV-infected animals or human body fluids. However, it is unclear whether aerosols derived from aforesaid sources or others also contribute to transmission, and current knowledge on NiV-induced pathogenicity after small-particle aerosol exposure is still limited.
Infectivity, pathogenicity, and real-time dissemination of aerosolized NiV in Syrian hamsters was evaluated using NiV-Malaysia (NiV-M) and/or its recombinant expressing firefly luciferase (rNiV-FlucNP).
Both viruses had an equivalent pathogenicity in hamsters, which developed respiratory and neurological symptoms of disease, similar to using intranasal route, with no direct correlations to the dose. We showed that virus replication was predominantly initiated in the lower respiratory tract and, although delayed, also intensely in the oronasal cavity and possibly the brain, with gradual increase of signal in these regions until at least day 5-6 postinfection.
Hamsters infected with small-particle aerosolized NiV undergo similar clinical manifestations of the disease as previously described using liquid inoculum, and exhibit histopathological lesions consistent with NiV patient reports. NiV droplets could therefore play a role in transmission by close contact.
尼帕病毒（NiV）是一种副粘病毒（属亨尼帕病毒属），可导致人类严重呼吸道疾病和脑炎。传播途径是食用受 NiV 污染的食物，以及接触受 NiV 感染的动物或人体体液。然而，目前尚不清楚源自上述来源或其他来源的气溶胶是否也有助于传播，并且目前对于小颗粒气溶胶暴露后 NiV 诱导的致病性的了解仍然有限。
使用尼帕病毒-马来西亚（NiV-M）及其表达萤火虫荧光素酶的重组体（rNiV-FlucNP）评估了叙利亚仓鼠中小粒子化 NiV 的感染性、致病性和实时传播。
两种病毒在仓鼠中的致病性相同，仓鼠出现呼吸道和神经症状的疾病，与鼻腔内途径相似，与剂量无直接关系。我们表明，病毒复制主要在上呼吸道起始，尽管延迟，但在下呼吸道和口腔鼻腔中也强烈起始，并且在这些区域中信号逐渐增加，直到感染后至少第 5-6 天。
感染小颗粒化 NiV 的仓鼠与使用液体接种物先前描述的疾病表现出相似的临床症状，并表现出与 NiV 患者报告一致的组织病理学损伤。因此，NiV 飞沫可能通过密切接触在传播中起作用。
