Schollenberger Margit, Müller Hans-Martin, Rüfle Melanie, Suchy Sybille, Plank Susanne, Drochner Winfried
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Hohenheim University, Emil-Wolff-Str. 10, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
Mycopathologia. 2006 Jan;161(1):43-52. doi: 10.1007/s11046-005-0199-7.
A total of 220 samples comprising cereals, cereal byproducts, corn plants and corn silage as well as non-grain based feedstuffs was randomly collected during 2000 and 2001 from sources located in Germany and analysed for 16 Fusarium toxins. The trichothecenes scirpentriol (SCIRP), 15-monoacetoxyscirpenol (MAS), diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), T-2 tetraol, T-2 triol, HT-2 and T-2 toxin (HT-2, T-2), neosolaniol (NEO), deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyldeoxynivealenol (15-ADON), nivalenol (NIV) and fusarenon-X (FUS-X) were determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Zearalenone (ZEA) and alpha- and beta-zearalenol (alpha- and beta-ZOL) were analysed by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence and UV-detection. Detection limits ranged between 1 and 19 microg/kg. Out of 125 samples of a group consisting of wheat, oats, corn, corn byproducts, corn plants and corn silage only two wheat samples did not contain any of the toxins analysed. Based on 125 samples the incidences were at 2-11% for DAS, NEO, T-2 Triol, FUS-X, alpha- and beta-ZOL, at 20-22% for SCIRP, MAS, T-2 tetraol and 3-ADON, at 44-74% for HT-2, T-2, 15-ADON, NIV and ZEA, and at 94% for DON. Mean levels of positive samples were between 6 and 758 microg/kg. Out of 95 samples of a group consisting of hay, lupines, peas, soya meal, rapeseed meal and other oil-seed meals, 64 samples were toxin negative. DAS, T-2 triol, NEO and FUS-X were not detected in any sample. The incidences of DON and ZEA were at 14 and 23% respectively, those of the other toxins between 1-4%, mean levels of positive samples were between 5 and 95 microg/kg.
2000年至2001年期间，从德国各地随机采集了总共220份样本，包括谷物、谷物副产品、玉米植株和玉米青贮饲料以及非谷物类饲料，并对其中的16种镰刀菌毒素进行了分析。通过气相色谱/质谱法测定了单端孢霉烯族毒素蛇形菌素（SCIRP）、15-单乙酰氧基蛇形菌素（MAS）、二乙酰氧基蛇形菌素（DAS）、T-2四醇、T-2三醇、HT-2和T-2毒素（HT-2、T-2）、新茄病镰刀菌烯醇（NEO）、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）、3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（3-ADON）、15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（15-ADON）、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（NIV）和镰刀菌烯酮-X（FUS-X）。通过高效液相色谱荧光和紫外检测法分析了玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）以及α-和β-玉米赤霉醇（α-和β-ZOL）。检测限在1至19微克/千克之间。在由小麦、燕麦、玉米、玉米副产品、玉米植株和玉米青贮饲料组成的125个样本组中，只有两份小麦样本未含有所分析的任何毒素。基于这125个样本，DAS、NEO、T-2三醇、FUS-X、α-和β-ZOL的检出率为2%-11%，SCIRP、MAS、T-2四醇和3-ADON为20%-22%，HT-2、T-2、15-ADON、NIV和ZEA为44%-74%，DON为94%。阳性样本的平均含量在6至758微克/千克之间。在由干草、羽扇豆、豌豆、豆粕、菜籽粕和其他油籽粕组成的95个样本组中，64个样本毒素呈阴性。任何样本中均未检测到DAS、T-2三醇、NEO和FUS-X。DON和ZEA的检出率分别为14%和23%，其他毒素的检出率在1%-4%之间，阳性样本的平均含量在5至95微克/千克之间。
