Adejumo Timothy O, Hettwer Ursula, Karlovsky Petr
Department of Microbiology, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba-Akoko, Nigeria.
Int J Food Microbiol. 2007 May 30;116(3):350-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.02.009. Epub 2007 Mar 1.
A total of 180 maize samples meant for human consumption from four maize-producing states of southwestern Nigeria were screened for twelve major Fusarium mycotoxins (trichothecenes). Mycological examination of the samples showed that Fusarium verticillioides was the most commonly isolated fungi (71%), followed by F. sporotrichioides (64%), F. graminearum (32%), F. pallidoroseum (15%), F. compactum (12%), F. equiseti (9%), F. acuminatum (8%), F. subglutinans (4%) and F. oxysporum (1%). The trichothecenes include deoxynivalenol (DON), 3, mono-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-AcDON), 15, mono-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-AcDON), nivalenol (NIV), HT-2 toxin (HT-2), neosolaniol (NEO), T-2 toxin (T-2), T-2 tetraol and T-2 triol, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), MAS-monoacetoxyscirpenol (MAS) and fusarenone-X. Quantification was by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (HPLC/MS); the detection limits for each of the mycotoxins varied between 20 and 200 microg kg(-1). Sixty six samples (36.3%) were contaminated with trichothecenes, DON (mean: 226.2 microg kg(-1); range: 9.6-745.1 microg kg(-1)), 3-AcDON (mean: 17.3 microg kg(-1); range: 0.7-72.4 microg kg(-1)) and DAS (mean: 16.0 microg kg(-1); range: 1.0-51.0 microg kg(-1)) were detected in 22%, 17% and 9% of total samples respectively. There were no 15-AcDON, NIV, HT-2, NEO, T-2, T-2 tetraol, T-2 triol, MAS and fusarenone-X detected. This is the first comprehensive report about the natural occurrence of DON, AcDON and DAS in maize for direct human consumption in Nigeria.
对来自尼日利亚西南部四个玉米生产州的共计180份供人类食用的玉米样本进行了12种主要镰刀菌霉菌毒素（单端孢霉烯族毒素）的筛查。对样本进行的真菌学检查表明，轮枝镰孢菌是最常分离出的真菌（71%），其次是拟枝孢镰刀菌（64%）、禾谷镰孢菌（32%）、淡紫镰孢菌（15%）、紧密镰孢菌（12%）、木贼镰孢菌（9%）、锐顶镰孢菌（8%）、亚粘团镰孢菌（4%）和尖孢镰孢菌（1%）。单端孢霉烯族毒素包括脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（呕吐毒素）、3-单乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（3-AcDON）、15-单乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（15-AcDON）、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（NIV）、HT-2毒素（HT-2）、新茄病镰刀菌烯醇（NEO）、T-2毒素（T-2）、T-2四醇和T-2三醇、二醋酸藨草镰刀菌烯醇（DAS）、MAS-单乙酰氧基藨草镰刀菌烯醇（MAS）和镰刀菌烯酮-X。定量采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用（HPLC/MS）；每种霉菌毒素的检测限在20至200微克/千克之间。66个样本（36.3%）被单端孢霉烯族毒素污染，呕吐毒素（均值：226.2微克/千克；范围：9.6至745.1微克/千克）、3-AcDON（均值：17.3微克/千克；范围：0.7至72.4微克/千克）和DAS（均值：16.0微克/千克；范围：1.0至51.0微克/千克）分别在22%、17%和9%的总样本中被检测到。未检测到15-AcDON、NIV、HT-2、NEO、T-2、T-2四醇、T-2三醇、MAS和镰刀菌烯酮-X。这是关于尼日利亚供人类直接食用的玉米中呕吐毒素、乙酰化呕吐毒素和DAS自然存在情况的首份综合报告。
