Ammenwerth Elske, Iller Carola, Mahler Cornelia
Institute for Health Information Systems, UMIT-University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tyrol, Austria.
BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2006 Jan 9;6:3. doi: 10.1186/1472-6947-6-3.
Factors of IT adoption have largely been discussed in the literature. However, existing frameworks (such as TAM or TTF) are failing to include one important aspect, the interaction between user and task.
Based on a literature study and a case study, we developed the FITT framework to help analyse the socio-organisational-technical factors that influence IT adoption in a health care setting.
Our FITT framework ("Fit between Individuals, Task and Technology") is based on the idea that IT adoption in a clinical environment depends on the fit between the attributes of the individual users (e.g. computer anxiety, motivation), attributes of the technology (e.g. usability, functionality, performance), and attributes of the clinical tasks and processes (e.g. organisation, task complexity). We used this framework in the retrospective analysis of a three-year case study, describing the adoption of a nursing documentation system in various departments in a German University Hospital. We will show how the FITT framework helped analyzing the process of IT adoption during an IT implementation: we were able to describe every found IT adoption problem with regard to the three fit dimensions, and any intervention on the fit can be described with regard to the three objects of the FITT framework (individual, task, technology). We also derive facilitators and barriers to IT adoption of clinical information systems.
This work should support a better understanding of the reasons for IT adoption failures and therefore enable better prepared and more successful IT introduction projects. We will discuss, however, that from a more epistemological point of view, it may be difficult or even impossible to analyse the complex and interacting factors that predict success or failure of IT projects in a socio-technical environment.
信息技术采用的影响因素在文献中已有大量讨论。然而，现有的框架（如技术接受模型或任务技术匹配模型）未能涵盖一个重要方面，即用户与任务之间的交互。
基于文献研究和案例研究，我们开发了FITT框架，以帮助分析影响医疗环境中信息技术采用的社会 - 组织 - 技术因素。
我们的FITT框架（“个人、任务与技术之间的匹配”）基于这样一种理念，即临床环境中的信息技术采用取决于个体用户的属性（如计算机焦虑、动机）、技术的属性（如可用性、功能性、性能）以及临床任务和流程的属性（如组织、任务复杂性）之间的匹配。我们在一项为期三年的案例研究的回顾性分析中使用了该框架，描述了德国一家大学医院各科室护理文档系统的采用情况。我们将展示FITT框架如何在信息技术实施过程中帮助分析信息技术采用过程：我们能够根据三个匹配维度描述每一个发现的信息技术采用问题，并且可以根据FITT框架的三个对象（个人、任务、技术）描述对匹配的任何干预。我们还得出了临床信息系统采用的促进因素和障碍。
这项工作应有助于更好地理解信息技术采用失败的原因，从而使信息技术引入项目准备更充分、更成功。然而，我们将讨论，从更认识论的角度来看，在社会技术环境中分析预测信息技术项目成败的复杂且相互作用的因素可能是困难的，甚至是不可能的。
