Elshaikh Mohamed, Ljungman Mats, Ten Haken Randall, Lichter Allen S
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
Annu Rev Med. 2006;57:19-31. doi: 10.1146/annurev.med.57.121304.131431.
Advances in radiation oncology have been made on three major fronts: biology, physics, and clinical application. Our biological understanding of how radiation kills cells and how malignant cells avoid damage has identified new targets for therapeutic manipulation. Research in physics has yielded sophisticated methods to direct the deposition of radiation energy in ways that enhance target coverage while minimizing dose to normal structures as much as possible. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and image-guided radiation therapy represent new paradigms in treatment planning and dose delivery. Clinical management of the cancer patient is multidisciplinary. Increasingly, combinations of radiation and chemotherapy, with or without surgery, are enhancing cure rates, often with preservation of organ function. Taken together, these advances have increased the effectiveness of radiation therapy and promise better treatment results in the future.
生物学、物理学和临床应用。我们对辐射如何杀死细胞以及恶性细胞如何避免损伤的生物学理解，确定了治疗操作的新靶点。物理学研究产生了复杂的方法，以引导辐射能量的沉积，从而在尽可能减少对正常组织剂量的同时增强靶区覆盖。调强放射治疗（IMRT）和图像引导放射治疗代表了治疗计划和剂量递送的新范例。癌症患者的临床管理是多学科的。越来越多的放疗与化疗联合应用，无论是否进行手术，都在提高治愈率，且常常能保留器官功能。总体而言，这些进展提高了放射治疗的有效性，并有望在未来带来更好的治疗效果。
