Isaksson A, Lind O
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala.
Zentralbl Veterinarmed A. 1992 May;39(4):282-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1992.tb00184.x.
In the present investigations, referring to conventional milking machines and conventional milking technique, teat ends were transversally compressed for a short moment by means of a cutimeter before, during and after milking (main series), or before and after milking (additional series). The thickness of the teat ends between the jaw plates of the instrument decreased during the high flow-rate phase, increased during the low flow-rate and overmilking phases, and started decreasing as soon as milking was finished. The decreased values in the beginning of the milking process reflect the thinning of the teat wall following the vacuum-induced teat elongation that occurs when the teat cups are attached. The subsequent increased values are due to active, i.e., functionally significant hyperaemia in the teat wall, especially in the specific teat venous system, and locally elevated vascular pressure. Both the thinning and the thickening seem to occur within physiologically tolerable limits. The diagnosis, proposed in the literature, of teat congestion (passive hyperaemia) and/or oedema involving risks of impaired teat and udder health has no support in our investigations.
在当前的研究中，参照传统挤奶机和传统挤奶技术，在挤奶前、挤奶期间和挤奶后（主要系列），或者在挤奶前和挤奶后（附加系列），通过厚度仪对乳头末端进行短时间横向挤压。在高流速阶段，仪器颚板间乳头末端的厚度减小；在低流速和过度挤奶阶段，厚度增加；挤奶一结束，厚度就开始减小。挤奶过程开始时厚度减小的值反映了在安装奶杯时真空引起乳头伸长后乳头壁的变薄。随后增加的值是由于乳头壁尤其是特定乳头静脉系统中主动的、即功能上显著的充血以及局部血管压力升高所致。变薄和变厚似乎都发生在生理耐受范围内。文献中提出的涉及乳头和乳房健康受损风险的乳头充血（被动性充血）和/或水肿的诊断在我们的研究中没有依据。
