O'Brien T B, DeLongis A
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
J Pers. 1996 Dec;64(4):775-813. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1996.tb00944.x.
This study examined the role that personality and situational factors play in three forms of coping responses: problem-, emotion- and relationship-focused. Coping responses were strongly associated with whether the situation involved a primarily agentic (work) or communal (interpersonal) stressor. Among communal stressors, the involvement of close versus distant others was also associated with coping responses. Situational factors were linked most strongly with the use of problem-focused (planful problem solving) and relationship-focused (empathic responding) modes of coping. Dimensions of personality derived from the five-factor model (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness) had important associations with coping responses. Coping responses were best predicted by models that included both the additive and multiplicative effects of person and situation factors. Taken together, the findings suggest that a model of coping that considers both agentic and communal dimensions of stressful situations, includes interpersonal dimensions of coping, and considers personality and situation factors in tandem is needed to increase the predictive utility of current models.
本研究考察了人格和情境因素在三种应对方式（问题聚焦、情绪聚焦和关系聚焦）中所起的作用。应对方式与情境主要涉及能动性（工作）压力源还是共融性（人际）压力源密切相关。在共融性压力源中，亲近他人与疏远他人的参与也与应对方式有关。情境因素与问题聚焦（有计划地解决问题）和关系聚焦（共情回应）应对方式的使用联系最为紧密。源自五因素模型的人格维度（神经质、外向性、经验开放性、宜人性和尽责性）与应对方式有重要关联。包含个体和情境因素的累加效应及相乘效应的模型能最好地预测应对方式。综合来看，研究结果表明，需要一种考虑压力情境的能动性和共融性维度、纳入应对方式的人际维度并同时考虑人格和情境因素的应对模型，以提高现有模型的预测效用。
