Trivedi Rajni, Sitalaximi T, Banerjee Jheelam, Singh Anamika, Sircar P K, Kashyap V K
National DNA Analysis Centre, Central Forensic Science Laboratory, 30 Gorachand Road, Kolkata, 700014, West Bengal, India.
Andaman Adim Janjati Vikas Samiti, Government of India, Port Blair, India.
J Hum Genet. 2006;51(3):217-226. doi: 10.1007/s10038-005-0349-2. Epub 2006 Feb 2.
The Shompen, one of the most isolated and poorly understood contemporary hunter-gatherer populations, inhabit Great Nicobar Island, the southernmost island of the Nicobar archipelago. Morphological imprints in the Shompen were interpreted to favour a mixed Indo-Chinese, Malay, Negrito and Dravidian origin. Analyses of the mitochondrial, Y-chromosomal and autosomal gene pool of contemporary Shompen have revealed low diversity, illustrating a founder effect in the island population. Mitochondrial sequence analyses revealed the presence of two haplogroups of R lineage: B5a, and a newly defined clade, R12. Y-chromosomal analyses demonstrated the occurrence of a single lineage found predominantly in Austro-Asiatic speakers across Asia. With the different types of genetic markers analysed, the Shompen exhibit varying levels of genetic relatedness with the Nicobarese, and Austro-Asiatic speakers of mainland India and Southeast Asia. These genetic analyses provide evidence that the Shompen, an offshoot of the Nicobarese, are descendants of Mesolithic hunter-gatherers of Southeast Asian origin, deriving from at least two source populations.
绍姆彭人是当代最与世隔绝且鲜为人知的狩猎采集人群之一，居住在尼科巴群岛最南端的大尼科巴岛上。对绍姆彭人的形态学印记分析表明，他们具有混合的印度 - 中国、马来、尼格利陀和达罗毗荼血统。对当代绍姆彭人的线粒体、Y染色体和常染色体基因库的分析显示出低多样性，这表明该岛屿人群存在奠基者效应。线粒体序列分析揭示了R谱系的两个单倍群的存在：B5a和一个新定义的分支R12。Y染色体分析表明，在亚洲讲南亚语系语言的人群中主要存在一个单一谱系。通过分析不同类型的遗传标记，绍姆彭人与尼科巴人以及印度大陆和东南亚讲南亚语系语言的人群呈现出不同程度的遗传相关性。这些遗传分析提供了证据，表明绍姆彭人是尼科巴人的一个分支，是东南亚起源的中石器时代狩猎采集者的后裔，至少源自两个来源群体。
