Primary structure and differential expression of glutamine synthetase genes in nodules, roots and leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris.

In plants, glutamine synthetase (GS) is the enzyme primarily responsible for the assimilation of ammonia into organic nitrogen. In Phaseolus vulgaris a number of isoenzymic forms of GS are found, each of which consists of eight subunits of mol. wt 41 000-45 000. The GS subunits of P. vulgaris have previously been shown to be encoded by a small multigene family and a partial cDNA clone for a nodule-specific GS subunit has been obtained. We report here the isolation and nucleotide sequencing of two essentially full-length GS cDNA clones (pR-1 and pR-2) from a root cDNA library and the deduced amino acid sequences of the corresponding GS subunits (355 amino acid residues each). The coding sequences of pR-1 and pR-2 are closely related (80% nucleotide homology, 88% amino acid homology), but their 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions have diverged almost completely. Both pR-1 and pR-2 are related to, but distinct from, the nodule GS clone, pcPvNGS-01 (or pN-1). Hybridization to genomic Southern blots showed that the three GS mRNAs are encoded by three seperate genes and indicated the existence of a fourth class of GS gene. An S1 nuclease protection assay demonstrated the presence of R-1 and R-2 mRNA in both roots and leaves and confirmed that expression of the N-1 gene is nodule-specific. Expression of the R-1 and R-2 genes in the roots did not change significantly during nodulation. However, only the R-1 gene is expressed in the nodules themselves, indicating that the R-2 gene is specifically repressed during nodule development.