Koehler Leah J, Iwata Brian A, Roscoe Eileen M, Rolider Natalie U, O'Steen Laura E
University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA.
J Appl Behav Anal. 2005 Winter;38(4):469-84. doi: 10.1901/jaba.2005.102-04.
We examined the effects of stimulus (reinforcer) variation in several different contexts. In Study 1, we identified high-quality (HQ) and low-quality (LQ) stimuli based on results of a paired-stimulus assessment and examined their effects when available under concurrent-reinforcement schedules for 8 participants. No participants showed preference for the LQ stimuli when compared singly or in a varied arrangement to the HQ stimulus. In Study 2, we identified nonpreferred (NP) stimuli based on results of a single-stimulus assessment and examined their effects when available under single-reinforcement schedules for 3 participants. Results of Study 2 were mixed. One participant's data indicated that the varied presentation of NP stimuli produced a modest improvement in performance over that observed when the stimuli were presented singly. By contrast, a second participant's data showed no facilitative effect for the varied delivery of NP stimuli and that the inclusion of an HQ stimulus in the varied arrangement obscured the reinforcing effects of the HQ stimulus. The 3rd participant's data showed no effect for the varied delivery of NP stimuli but an apparent facilitative effect when an HQ stimulus was included in the varied arrangement, which was attributable solely to the presence of the HQ stimulus.
我们在几种不同情境下研究了刺激（强化物）变化的影响。在研究1中，我们根据配对刺激评估的结果确定了高质量（HQ）和低质量（LQ）刺激，并在8名参与者的同时强化程序下，考察了有这些刺激时的效果。与HQ刺激单独比较或进行不同排列比较时，没有参与者表现出对LQ刺激的偏好。在研究2中，我们根据单一刺激评估的结果确定了非偏好（NP）刺激，并在3名参与者的单一强化程序下，考察了有这些刺激时的效果。研究2的结果好坏参半。一名参与者的数据表明，NP刺激的不同呈现方式相比于刺激单独呈现时，在表现上有适度改善。相比之下，第二名参与者的数据显示，NP刺激的不同呈现方式没有促进作用，并且在不同排列中加入HQ刺激会掩盖HQ刺激的强化效果。第三名参与者的数据显示，NP刺激的不同呈现方式没有效果，但在不同排列中加入HQ刺激时有明显促进作用，这完全归因于HQ刺激的存在。
