Bowman L G, Piazza C C, Fisher W W, Hagopian L P, Kogan J S
Neurobehavioral Unit, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
J Appl Behav Anal. 1997 Fall;30(3):451-8. doi: 10.1901/jaba.1997.30-451.
One method that has been demonstrated to improve the effectiveness of reinforcement is stimulus (reinforcer) variation (Egel, 1980). Egel found that bar pressing increased and responding occurred more rapidly during varied reinforcement than during constant reinforcement when identical stimuli were used across phases for 10 individuals with autism. The purpose of the current investigation was to assess the preferences of 7 individuals for varied presentation of slightly lower quality stimuli relative to constant access to the highest quality stimulus. Varied presentation was preferred over constant reinforcer presentation with 4 participants, and the opposite was true for 2 participants. One participant did not demonstrate a preference. These results suggest that stimulus variation may allow less preferred reinforcers to compete effectively with a more highly preferred reinforcer for some individuals.
一种已被证明能提高强化效果的方法是刺激（强化物）变化（埃格尔，1980年）。埃格尔发现，对于10名自闭症患者，在不同阶段使用相同刺激时，与固定强化相比，变化强化期间压杆行为增加且反应更快。本研究的目的是评估7名个体对于相对于持续获得最高质量刺激而言，以不同方式呈现质量略低的刺激的偏好。4名参与者更喜欢变化呈现方式而非固定强化物呈现方式，2名参与者则相反。1名参与者未表现出偏好。这些结果表明，对于某些个体而言，刺激变化可能使不太受青睐的强化物能够有效地与更受青睐的强化物竞争。
