Taylor Colin J L
British Energy, Barnett Way, Barnwood, Gloucester GL4 3RS, UK.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2006;53(1-4):30-48. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.01.004. Epub 2006 Feb 23.
The use of low levels of oxidants as antifouling agents in coastal and estuarine power station cooling water circuits can give rise to concerns over the likely production of chlorination byproducts (CBPs) including organohalogens, of largely cryptic identity, loading and impact. In order to review the current understanding of the degree of impact involved this paper describes a recent collaborative programme of work on CBPs within the wider context of a number of allied studies on power station cooling water entrainment and discharge effects. Bromoform was the single most important CBP found in coastal power station effluents. Although bromoform was found to accumulate in the liver of the sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax (L.) continuously exposed to a chlorinated effluent stream, no otherwise untoward impact on continuously exposed individuals was discerned. Populations of the common blue mussel Mytilus edulis L., likewise exposed, exhibited two responses: a high degree of genoplasticity and the evolution of stress proteins--although both may have been due to thermal rather than toxic stress. Experiments on plankton that simulated the conditions of entrainment within cooling water systems isolated the influence of oxidant usage, with mortality varying between taxa and life stage. The results suggest a very limited impact of oxidant use and the associated CBPs on receiving waters both in terms of plume toxicity or any more widespread ecotoxicological influence. Instead, it is in combination with applied temperature (DeltaT), pressure and the other stressors involved in entrainment within the power station cooling water circuits themselves that an impact is most marked.
在沿海和河口电站冷却水回路中使用低水平氧化剂作为防污剂，可能会引发人们对氯化副产物（CBPs）生成的担忧，这些副产物包括身份、负荷和影响大多不明的有机卤化物。为了回顾当前对所涉影响程度的理解，本文描述了一项近期关于CBPs的合作研究计划，该计划处于关于电站冷却水夹带和排放影响的一系列相关研究的更广泛背景之下。溴仿是在沿海电站废水中发现的单一最重要的CBP。尽管发现溴仿会在持续暴露于氯化废水流的海鲈（Dicentrarchus labrax，L.）肝脏中积累，但未发现对持续暴露个体有其他不良影响。同样暴露于此的紫贻贝（Mytilus edulis，L.）种群表现出两种反应：高度的基因可塑性和应激蛋白的进化——尽管这两者可能都是由热应激而非毒性应激引起的。模拟冷却水系统内夹带条件的浮游生物实验分离出了氧化剂使用的影响，不同分类群和生命阶段的死亡率有所不同。结果表明，氧化剂使用及相关CBPs对受纳水体的影响非常有限，无论是在羽流毒性方面还是在更广泛的生态毒理学影响方面。相反，与应用温度（ΔT）、压力以及电站冷却水回路自身夹带过程中涉及的其他应激源相结合时，影响最为显著。
