Ryff Carol D, Dienberg Love Gayle, Urry Heather L, Muller Daniel, Rosenkranz Melissa A, Friedman Elliot M, Davidson Richard J, Singer Burton
Institute on Aging, Medical Science Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
Psychother Psychosom. 2006;75(2):85-95. doi: 10.1159/000090892.
Increasingly, researchers attend to both positive and negative aspects of mental health. Such distinctions call for clarification of whether psychological well-being and ill-being comprise opposite ends of a bipolar continuum, or are best construed as separate, independent dimensions of mental health. Biology can help resolve this query--bipolarity predicts 'mirrored' biological correlates (i.e. well-being and ill-being correlate similarly with biomarkers, but show opposite directional signs), whereas independence predicts 'distinct' biological correlates (i.e. well-being and ill-being have different biological signatures).
Multiple aspects of psychological well-being (eudaimonic, hedonic) and ill-being (depression, anxiety, anger) were assessed in a sample of aging women (n = 135, mean age = 74) on whom diverse neuroendocrine (salivary cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, DHEA-S) and cardiovascular factors (weight, waist-hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, total/HDL cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin) were also measured.
Measures of psychological well-being and ill-being were significantly linked with numerous biomarkers, with some associations being more strongly evident for respondents aged 75+. Outcomes for seven biomarkers supported the distinct hypothesis, while findings for only two biomarkers supported the mirrored hypothesis.
This research adds to the growing literature on how psychological well-being and mental maladjustment are instantiated in biology. Population-based inquiries and challenge studies constitute important future directions.
研究人员越来越关注心理健康的积极和消极方面。这种区分需要明确心理幸福感和心理不幸福感是构成双极连续体的相反两端，还是最好被理解为心理健康的单独、独立维度。生物学可以帮助解决这个问题——双极性预测“镜像”生物学相关性（即幸福感和不幸福感与生物标志物的相关性相似，但显示相反的方向迹象），而独立性预测“不同”的生物学相关性（即幸福感和不幸福感具有不同的生物学特征）。
在一组老年女性（n = 135，平均年龄 = 74岁）样本中评估了心理幸福感（幸福主义、享乐主义）和心理不幸福感（抑郁、焦虑、愤怒）的多个方面，同时还测量了她们的多种神经内分泌（唾液皮质醇、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、脱氢表雄酮硫酸盐）和心血管因素（体重、腰臀比、收缩压和舒张压、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、糖化血红蛋白）。
心理幸福感和心理不幸福感的测量与多种生物标志物显著相关，其中一些关联在75岁以上的受访者中更为明显。七种生物标志物的结果支持了不同假设，而只有两种生物标志物的结果支持了镜像假设。
这项研究增加了关于心理幸福感和心理失调如何在生物学中体现的文献。基于人群的调查和挑战研究是未来重要的研究方向。
