Waitayakul Amornrat, Somsri Sangdao, Sattabongkot Jetsumon, Looareesuwan Sornchai, Cui Liwang, Udomsangpetch Rachanee
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhonpathom, Thailand.
Acta Trop. 2006 Apr;98(1):66-73. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2006.02.004. Epub 2006 Mar 10.
During blood feeding, arthropod vectors inject saliva into vertebrate hosts. The saliva is biochemically complex and pharmacologically active, and may play an important role in pathogen transmission. To examine whether mosquito saliva could elicit humoral immune response in humans under natural conditions, we have collected sera from malaria patients, healthy villagers, and people from a non-malarious region in Thailand. Here we have demonstrated that anti-Anopheles salivary protein antibodies occurred predominantly in patients with acute Plasmodium falciparum or P. vivax malaria, whereas people from a non-malarious area had no such antibodies. Besides, antibody levels against mosquito salivary proteins in malaria patients were highly variable, which may be related to the levels of mosquito exposure. Despite variability, patients' sera with high IgG titers consistently detected several proteins in Anopheles dirus salivary gland protein extracts. Immunohistochemical staining of Anopheles salivary glands with human sera showed that the salivary gland-specific IgGs reacted strongly with the median lobe. Comparison using Anopheles and Aedes salivary proteins suggests that the anti-salivary protein antibodies detected in malaria patients were Anopheles-specific, consistent with the major malaria vector status of An. dirus in this area.
在吸血过程中，节肢动物媒介会将唾液注入脊椎动物宿主。唾液在生化方面很复杂且具有药理活性，可能在病原体传播中起重要作用。为了研究在自然条件下蚊子唾液是否能在人类中引发体液免疫反应，我们收集了泰国疟疾患者、健康村民以及来自非疟疾地区人群的血清。在此我们证明，抗按蚊唾液蛋白抗体主要出现在急性恶性疟原虫或间日疟原虫疟疾患者中，而来自非疟疾地区的人没有此类抗体。此外，疟疾患者中针对蚊子唾液蛋白的抗体水平高度可变，这可能与蚊子接触程度有关。尽管存在变异性，但高IgG滴度的患者血清始终能检测到大劣按蚊唾液腺蛋白提取物中的几种蛋白质。用人血清对按蚊唾液腺进行免疫组织化学染色显示，唾液腺特异性IgG与中叶反应强烈。使用按蚊和伊蚊唾液蛋白进行比较表明，在疟疾患者中检测到的抗唾液蛋白抗体是按蚊特异性的，这与该地区大劣按蚊作为主要疟疾媒介的地位相符。
