Armiyanti Yunita, Nuryady Mohammad Mirza, Arifianto Renam Putra, Nurmariana Elisa, Senjarini Kartika, Fitri Loeki Enggar, Sardjono Teguh Wahju
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Jember University, Jember, ID.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, Jember University, Jember, ID.
Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2015 Jul-Aug;48(4):410-6. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0185-2015.
The saliva of mosquitoes has an important role in the transmission of several diseases, including malaria, and contains substances with vasomodulating and immunomodulating effects to counteract the host physiological mechanisms and enhance pathogen transmission. As immunomodulatory components, salivary gland proteins can induce the generation of specific IgG antibodies in the host, which can be used as specific biomarkers of exposure to Anopheles sundaicus . The objective of this study was to identify immunogenic proteins from the salivary glands of Anopheles sundaicus by reaction with sera from individuals living in malaria-endemic areas who are thus exposed to Anopheles mosquitoes.
IgG antibodies targeting salivary gland proteins in serum samples from individuals living in malaria-endemic areas were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sera from healthy individuals living in non-endemic areas were used as negative controls. Determination of the presence of salivary gland immunogenic proteins was carried out by western blotting.
Sixteen bands appeared in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, with molecule weights ranging from 22 to 144kDa. Among the exposed individuals, IgG responses to salivary gland proteins were variable. Protein bands with molecular weights of 46, 41, 33, and 31kDa were the most immunogenic. These immunogenic proteins were consistently recognized by pooled serum and individual samples from people living in malaria-endemic areas but not by negative controls.
These results support the potential use of immunogenic proteins from the salivary glands of Anopheles as candidate markers of bite exposure or in malaria vaccines.
蚊子的唾液在包括疟疾在内的多种疾病传播中起着重要作用，并且含有具有血管调节和免疫调节作用的物质，以对抗宿主的生理机制并增强病原体传播。作为免疫调节成分，唾液腺蛋白可诱导宿主产生特异性IgG抗体，这些抗体可作为接触苏门答腊按蚊的特异性生物标志物。本研究的目的是通过与生活在疟疾流行地区、因而接触按蚊的个体的血清反应，从苏门答腊按蚊的唾液腺中鉴定免疫原性蛋白。
采用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）检测生活在疟疾流行地区个体血清样本中针对唾液腺蛋白的IgG抗体。将生活在非流行地区的健康个体的血清用作阴性对照。通过蛋白质印迹法测定唾液腺免疫原性蛋白的存在情况。
在十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳中出现了16条带，分子量范围为22至144kDa。在接触过的个体中，对唾液腺蛋白的IgG反应各不相同。分子量为46、41、33和31kDa的蛋白带免疫原性最强。这些免疫原性蛋白能被疟疾流行地区人群的混合血清和个体样本一致识别，但不能被阴性对照识别。
这些结果支持将按蚊唾液腺中的免疫原性蛋白作为叮咬暴露的候选标志物或用于疟疾疫苗的潜力。
