Wang Xuemin, Devaiah Shivakumar Pattada, Zhang Wenhua, Welti Ruth
Department of Biology, University of Missouri, St. Louis, MO 63121, USA.
Prog Lipid Res. 2006 May;45(3):250-78. doi: 10.1016/j.plipres.2006.01.005. Epub 2006 Mar 15.
Phosphatidic acid (PA) has emerged as a new class of lipid mediators involved in diverse cellular functions in plants, animals, and microorganisms. Considerable progress has been made recently on the production, cellular function, and mode of action of PA in the cell. The cellular levels of PA undergo dynamic changes in response to developmental and environmental stimuli. The production of signaling PA is mediated by families of multiple enzymes that regulate the timing, location, amount, and molecular species of PA. A number of PA target proteins have been identified, which include proteins involved in phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins and lipids, as well as in G protein regulation, vesicular trafficking, and metabolism. PA mediates cellular functions through different modes of action, such as membrane tethering, modulation of enzymatic activities, and/or structural effects on cell membranes. The regulatory processes in which PA has been implicated include signaling pathways in cell growth, proliferation, reproduction, and responses to hormones and biotic and abiotic stresses.
磷脂酸（PA）已成为一类新的脂质介质，参与植物、动物和微生物的多种细胞功能。最近在PA的产生、细胞功能及其在细胞中的作用方式方面取得了相当大的进展。PA的细胞水平会随着发育和环境刺激而发生动态变化。信号PA的产生由多种酶家族介导，这些酶调节PA的产生时间、位置、数量和分子种类。已经鉴定出许多PA靶蛋白，其中包括参与蛋白质和脂质磷酸化和去磷酸化以及G蛋白调节、囊泡运输和代谢的蛋白质。PA通过不同的作用方式介导细胞功能，例如膜连接、酶活性调节和/或对细胞膜的结构影响。PA所涉及的调节过程包括细胞生长、增殖、繁殖以及对激素、生物和非生物胁迫的反应中的信号通路。
