Kricker Anne, Armstrong Bruce
School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Edward Ford Building A27, NSW 2006, Australia.
Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2006 Sep;92(1):132-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.015. Epub 2006 Feb 28.
Apperly [1941. The relation of solar radiation to cancer mortality in North America. Cancer Research 1, 191-195] first proposed that increased mortality from cancer in the north than in the south of the USA might be due to the south to north decrease in ambient solar radiation. This inverse association between ambient solar radiation and cancer mortality has been subsequently reported for cancers of the colon, breast, ovary and prostate. While the evidence that sunlight might be related to lower incidence or more favourable outcomes from cancer came initially from ecological studies, case-control and cohort studies have now shown a similar association of sun exposure with risks of colon, breast and prostate cancers in individuals, and other studies in individuals have found that serum and dietary vitamin D levels are associated with reduced risks of colorectal cancer and, less certainly, prostate cancer. Studies in individuals have recently also suggested an effect of sun exposure to reduce risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and to increase survival after a diagnosis of melanoma. Data on variation in survival from cancer by season of diagnosis suggest that sun exposure may also improve outcome from cancers of the breast, colon and prostate and Hodgkin lymphoma.
阿珀利[1941年。北美地区太阳辐射与癌症死亡率的关系。《癌症研究》1, 191 - 195]首次提出，美国北部癌症死亡率高于南部可能是由于从南到北环境太阳辐射量减少所致。随后有报告称，环境太阳辐射与结肠癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌和前列腺癌的死亡率之间存在这种负相关关系。虽然阳光可能与较低的癌症发病率或更有利的癌症预后相关的证据最初来自生态学研究，但病例对照研究和队列研究现已表明，个体的阳光暴露与结肠癌、乳腺癌和前列腺癌的发病风险也存在类似关联，而且针对个体的其他研究发现，血清和膳食维生素D水平与降低结直肠癌风险相关，与前列腺癌风险的相关性则不太确定。近期针对个体的研究还表明，阳光暴露有降低非霍奇金淋巴瘤风险以及提高黑色素瘤诊断后生存率的作用。癌症诊断季节不同，癌症生存率也存在差异，相关数据表明，阳光暴露可能还会改善乳腺癌、结肠癌、前列腺癌和霍奇金淋巴瘤的预后。
