The level of cultural self-efficacy among a sample of Spanish nurses in southeastern Spain.

A collaborative study between faculty from the United States and Spain was undertaken to investigate levels of cultural self-efficacy among a sample of Spanish nursing students and nurses. Bandura's self-efficacy theory provided the conceptual framework for this descriptive study. The Spanish version of the Cultural Self-Efficacy Scale (CSES-S) was translated from the original developed by Bernal and Froman using the back-translation technique recommended by Brislin. The CSES-S was administered to 113 Spanish nurses and students. Alpha coefficient results for the CSES-S ranged from .90 to .95. Low to neutral levels of confidence in caring for four ethnic groups were found. Regression analyses showed significant relationships between cultural exposure and cultural self-efficacy for the practicing nurses. Results will assist this collaborative transcultural nursing research effort between the United States and Spain to develop and implement programs and experiences to increase cultural self-efficacy among Spanish nurses and improve care provided to Spain's diverse population.