Ramón de la Fuente National Institute of Psychiatry, Calzada Mexico Xochimilco 101, Mexico City, Mexico.
World Psychiatry. 2005 Feb;4(1):25-30.
Recent advances in psychosocial research and neurosciences have provided new avenues for prevention of substance abuse at the individual and community level. A series of risk and protective factors affecting the likelihood of using and abusing substances have been identified. The scope of prevention has been broadened, allowing the prescription of different interventions for individuals according to their varying degrees of vulnerability to substance experimentation, continuous use and dependence. An increased awareness of comorbidity between mental and substance use disorders provides an arena for prevention within psychiatry and related disciplines. Emphasis on program evaluation has helped identify cost effective programs and policies. The integration of prevention within healthy life style policies and programs, including interventions at the school, family and community levels, is more likely to produce the desired outcomes.
最近，社会心理学研究和神经科学领域的进展为个人和社区层面的药物滥用预防开辟了新途径。一系列影响使用和滥用药物可能性的风险和保护因素已经被确定。预防范围已经扩大，根据个体对药物实验、持续使用和依赖的不同脆弱程度，为他们开出不同的干预处方。人们越来越意识到精神和物质使用障碍之间的共病现象，这为精神病学和相关学科的预防提供了一个领域。对项目评估的重视有助于确定具有成本效益的项目和政策。将预防纳入健康生活方式政策和计划，包括在学校、家庭和社区层面的干预措施，更有可能产生预期的结果。
