Salthouse T A
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332-0170, USA.
Dev Psychol. 1998 Sep;34(5):851-64. doi: 10.1037//0012-1649.34.5.851.
Age-related increases in childhood and age-related decreases in adulthood have been reported for a wide variety of cognitive variables, but relatively little research has addressed the question of the independence of these influences. In this project, cross-sectional life span data (age 5 to 94 years) from the nationally representative sample used to establish the norms for the Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-Educational Battery (R. W. Woodcock & M. B. Johnson, 1989, 1990) were subjected to several types of analyses. The results indicated that the majority of age-related differences appear to be shared across different cognitive variables and are well predicted by individual differences in higher order factors. These findings suggest that the role of task-specific interpretations of developmental differences in cognition needs to be reevaluated to take into consideration the lack of independence of age-related influences on a variety of cognitive variables.
据报道，各种认知变量在儿童期会随年龄增长，在成年期会随年龄下降，但相对较少的研究探讨了这些影响的独立性问题。在本项目中，对用于建立伍德科克 - 约翰逊心理教育测验常模（R. W. 伍德科克和M. B. 约翰逊，1989年，1990年）的具有全国代表性样本的横断面寿命数据（5至94岁）进行了几种类型的分析。结果表明，大多数与年龄相关的差异似乎在不同的认知变量中是共同存在的，并且可以通过高阶因素中的个体差异得到很好的预测。这些发现表明，需要重新评估对认知发展差异进行特定任务解释的作用，以考虑到与年龄相关的影响对各种认知变量缺乏独立性这一情况。
