Tucker-Drob Elliot M
Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4400, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2009 Jul;45(4):1097-118. doi: 10.1037/a0015864.
Existing representations of cognitive ability structure are exclusively based on linear patterns of interrelations. However, a number of developmental and cognitive theories predict that abilities are differentially related across ages (age differentiation-dedifferentiation) and across levels of functioning (ability differentiation). Nonlinear factor analytic models were applied to multivariate cognitive ability data from 6,273 individuals, ages 4 to 101 years, who were selected to be nationally representative of the U.S. population. Results consistently supported ability differentiation but were less clear with respect to age differentiation-dedifferentiation. Little evidence for age modification of ability differentiation was found. These findings are particularly informative about the nature of individual differences in cognition and about the developmental course of cognitive ability level and structure.
现有的认知能力结构表征完全基于相互关系的线性模式。然而，一些发展和认知理论预测，能力在不同年龄（年龄分化 - 去分化）和不同功能水平（能力分化）上的相关性存在差异。非线性因素分析模型被应用于来自6273名4至101岁个体的多变量认知能力数据，这些个体被选为具有美国人口全国代表性的样本。结果始终支持能力分化，但在年龄分化 - 去分化方面不太明确。几乎没有发现能力分化随年龄变化的证据。这些发现对于认知中个体差异的本质以及认知能力水平和结构的发展过程具有特别重要的意义。
