Wood Dustin
University of Illinois, IL, USA.
J Pers. 2007 Dec;75(6):1103-26. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00469.x.
In an earlier work (Wood & Roberts, 2006), the Personality and Role Identity Structural Model (PRISM) was proposed as a model for organizing the relations between diverse self-perceptions, with a person's general identity ("how I am in general") organized above diverse role identities (e.g., "how I am as an employee"), which in turn is organized above role-specific behaviors and experiences (e.g., typical interactions with coworkers). In the present article, I argue that despite the fact that role trait measures are often much more related to role behaviors than general trait measures in cross-sectional analyses, general trait measures better capture the dispositional causes of a person's role behavior. In support of this, a brief study is presented illustrating how general traits may be better predictors than role-contextualized trait ratings of the evolution of an individual's experiences or behaviors within a given context. Finally, I contend that the basic framework of the PRISM, where a person's behaviors and identities within multiple contexts are assessed simultaneously and longitudinally alongside general personality ratings, is necessary to make strong statements concerning the nature of the relationships between personality traits and role experiences.
在早期的一项研究中（伍德和罗伯茨，2006年），人格与角色认同结构模型（PRISM）被提出作为一种组织不同自我认知之间关系的模型，其中一个人的总体认同（“我一般是怎样的人”）组织在不同的角色认同之上（例如，“我作为一名员工是怎样的人”），而角色认同又依次组织在特定角色的行为和经历之上（例如，与同事的典型互动）。在本文中，我认为尽管在横断面分析中，角色特质测量通常比一般特质测量与角色行为的相关性更强，但一般特质测量能更好地捕捉一个人角色行为的倾向性原因。为支持这一观点，本文呈现了一项简短的研究，说明了在给定情境中，一般特质如何可能比角色情境化的特质评分更能预测个体经历或行为的演变。最后，我认为PRISM的基本框架，即在评估一个人在多个情境中的行为和认同的同时，纵向地结合一般人格评分，对于就人格特质与角色经历之间关系的本质做出有力论断是必要的。
