增强式训练与动态稳定及平衡训练对女性运动员力量、平衡和落地力量的影响。

The effects of plyometric vs. dynamic stabilization and balance training on power, balance, and landing force in female athletes.

作者信息

Myer Gregory D, Ford Kevin R, Brent Jensen L, Hewett Timothy E

机构信息

Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation Sports Medicine Biodynamics Center and Human Performance Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.

出版信息

J Strength Cond Res. 2006 May;20(2):345-53. doi: 10.1519/R-17955.1.

Abstract

Neuromuscular training protocols that include both plyometrics and dynamic balance exercises can significantly improve biomechanics and neuromuscular performance and reduce anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female athletes. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of plyometrics (PLYO) versus dynamic stabilization and balance training (BAL) on power, balance, strength, and landing force in female athletes. Either PLYO or BAL were included as a component of a dynamic neuromuscular training regimen that reduced measures related to ACL injury and increased measures of performance. Nineteen high school female athletes participated in training 3 times a week for 7 weeks. The PLYO (n = 8) group did not receive any dynamic balance exercises and the BAL (n = 11) group did not receive any maximum effort jumps during training. Pretraining vs. posttraining measures of impact force and standard deviation of center of pressure (COP) were recorded during a single leg hop and hold. Subjects were also tested for training effects in strength (isokinetic and isoinertial) and power (vertical jump). The percent change from pretest to posttest in vertical ground reaction force was significantly different between the BAL and PLYO groups on the dominant side (p < 0.05). Both groups decreased their standard deviation of center of pressure (COP) during hop landings in the medial/lateral direction on their dominant side, which equalized pretested side to side differences. Both groups increased hamstrings strength and vertical jump. The results of this study suggest that both PLYO and BAL training are effective at increasing measures of neuromuscular power and control. A combination of PLYO and BAL training may further maximize the effectiveness of preseason training for female athletes.

摘要

包含增强式训练和动态平衡练习的神经肌肉训练方案能够显著改善生物力学和神经肌肉性能,并降低女性运动员前交叉韧带损伤的风险。本研究的目的是比较增强式训练(PLYO)与动态稳定和平衡训练(BAL)对女性运动员的力量、平衡、力量和着陆力的影响。PLYO或BAL均作为动态神经肌肉训练方案的一部分,该方案减少了与前交叉韧带损伤相关的指标,并提高了运动表现指标。19名高中女运动员每周参加3次训练,共7周。PLYO组(n = 8)在训练期间未接受任何动态平衡练习,BAL组(n = 11)在训练期间未进行任何全力跳跃。在单腿跳和保持过程中记录训练前与训练后冲击力和压力中心(COP)标准差的测量值。还对受试者的力量(等速和等惯性)和功率(垂直跳跃)进行训练效果测试。优势侧BAL组和PLYO组垂直地面反作用力从测试前到测试后的变化百分比有显著差异(p < 0.05)。两组在优势侧跳跃着陆时内侧/外侧方向的压力中心(COP)标准差均降低,这使测试前两侧的差异趋于平衡。两组的腘绳肌力量和垂直跳跃均增加。本研究结果表明,PLYO训练和BAL训练在提高神经肌肉力量和控制指标方面均有效。PLYO训练和BAL训练相结合可能会进一步最大限度地提高女性运动员季前训练的效果。

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