Citarasu Thavasimuthu, Sivaram Veeramani, Immanuel Grasian, Rout Namita, Murugan Vadivel
Fish Developmental Genetics and Cell Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuchang, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2006 Oct;21(4):372-84. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2006.01.002. Epub 2006 May 12.
Immunostimulants are the substances, which enhance the non-specific defence mechanism and provide resistance against the invading pathogenic micro-organism. In order to increase the immunity of shrimps against the WSSV, the methanolic extracts of five different herbal medicinal plants like Cyanodon dactylon, Aegle marmelos, Tinospora cordifolia, Picrorhiza kurooa and Eclipta alba were selected and mixed thoroughly in equal proportion. The mixed extract was supplemented with various concentrations viz. 100 (A), 200 (B), 400 (C), and 800 (D) mgkg(-1) through artificial diets individually. The prepared diets (A-D) were fed individually to WSSV free healthy shrimp Penaeus monodon with an average weight of 8.0+/-0.5g for 25 days. Control diet (E), devoid of herbal extract was also fed to shrimps simultaneously. After 25 days of feeding experiment, the shrimps were challenged with WSSV, which were isolated and propagated from the infected crustaceans. The shrimps succumbed to death within 7 days when fed on no herbal immunostimulant diet (E). Among the different concentrations of herbal immunostimulant supplemented diets, the shrimps fed on diet D (800mgkg(-1)) significantly (P<0.0001) had more survival (74%) and reduction in the viral load. Also the better performance of haematological, biochemical and immunological parameters was found in the immunostimulant incorporated diets fed shrimps. The present work revealed that the application of herbal immunostimulants will be effective against shrimp viral pathogenesis and they can be recommended for shrimp culture.
免疫刺激剂是一类能够增强非特异性防御机制并提供针对入侵病原微生物抵抗力的物质。为了提高对虾对白斑综合征病毒（WSSV）的免疫力，选取了五种不同的药用植物——狗牙根、木苹果、心叶青牛胆、胡黄连和旱莲草的甲醇提取物，并将它们等比例充分混合。通过人工饲料分别向混合提取物中添加不同浓度，即100（A）、200（B）、400（C）和800（D）mg/kg-1。将制备好的饲料（A-D）分别投喂给平均体重为8.0±0.5g的无WSSV健康斑节对虾，持续投喂25天。同时，也给对虾投喂不含草药提取物的对照饲料（E）。在进行25天的投喂实验后，用从受感染甲壳类动物中分离并增殖得到的WSSV对虾进行攻毒。当投喂不含草药免疫刺激剂的饲料（E）时，对虾在7天内死亡。在添加不同浓度草药免疫刺激剂的饲料组中，投喂饲料D（800mg/kg-1）的对虾存活率显著更高（74%）（P<0.0001），且病毒载量降低。此外，在投喂含有免疫刺激剂饲料的对虾中，血液学、生化和免疫学参数表现也更好。目前的研究表明，草药免疫刺激剂在对抗对虾病毒发病机制方面是有效的，可推荐用于对虾养殖。
