Lederman Edith R, Sutanto Inge, Wibudi Aris, Ratulangie Lina, Rudiansyah Irwan, Fatmi Aida, Kurniawan Liliana, Nelwan Ronald H H, Maguire Jason D
Parasitic Diseases Program, U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No.2, Jakarta, Indonesia.
J Travel Med. 2006 May-Jun;13(3):153-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1708-8305.2006.00034.x.
Autochthonous malaria does not currently occur in Jakarta, the most populous city in Indonesia. Military, forestry, mining, and tourist activities draw Jakarta residents to distant parts of the archipelago with high rates of malaria. Although malaria is a reportable disease in Jakarta, little has been published.
We collected demographic and travel information from patients in Jakarta with microscopically confirmed malaria from January 2004 to February 2005, using a standardized data collection form. These results were compared to regional rainfall statistics and transit patterns of Jakarta residents to and from rural areas.
Data from 240 patients were collected. Aceh Province was the travel destination most commonly recorded for military members, while Papua and Bangka Island were the most frequently cited by civilians. Plasmodium falciparum accounted for 53% of cases, of which 15% had detectable gametocytemia. The most common admission diagnoses were malaria (39%), febrile illness not otherwise specified (23%), viral hepatitis (19%), and dengue (11%). The median time from admission to microscopic diagnosis was 2 days for civilian patients and 2.5 days for military patients. The highest number of cases occurred in May, July, and December with the nadir in October.
The diagnosis of malaria may be overlooked and therefore delayed, in nonendemic areas such as Jakarta. Travel destinations associated with contracting malaria vary significantly for civilian and military populations. The factors affecting the peak months of importation likely include rainfall, holiday transit, military flight availability, and referral center locations.
印度尼西亚人口最多的城市雅加达目前不存在本地疟疾。军事、林业、采矿和旅游活动吸引雅加达居民前往群岛中疟疾高发的偏远地区。尽管疟疾在雅加达属于应报告疾病，但相关发表的内容很少。
我们使用标准化数据收集表，收集了2004年1月至2005年2月在雅加达经显微镜确诊为疟疾的患者的人口统计学和旅行信息。将这些结果与该地区的降雨统计数据以及雅加达居民往返农村地区的交通模式进行了比较。
收集了240名患者的数据。亚齐省是军人最常记录的旅行目的地，而巴布亚和邦加岛是平民最常提及前往的地区。恶性疟原虫占病例的53%，其中15%可检测到配子体血症。最常见的入院诊断是疟疾（39%）、未另行说明的发热性疾病（23%）、病毒性肝炎（19%）和登革热（11%）。平民患者从入院到显微镜诊断的中位时间为2天，军人患者为2.5天。病例数最多的月份是5月、7月和12月，10月最少。
在雅加达这样的非流行地区，疟疾的诊断可能会被忽视，从而导致延误。平民和军人感染疟疾的相关旅行目的地差异很大。影响输入病例高峰月份的因素可能包括降雨、节假日交通、军事航班可用性和转诊中心位置。
