Hardy David J, Hinkin Charles H, Levine Andrew J, Castellon Steven A, Lam Mona N
Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, and the VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, CA 90045-2659, USA.
Neuropsychology. 2006 May;20(3):355-60. doi: 10.1037/0894-4105.20.3.355.
Decision making was assessed using a laboratory gambling task in 67 adults with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV+) and in 19 HIV-seronegative (HIV-) control participants. Neurocognitive test performance across several domains was also analyzed to examine potential cognitive mechanisms of gambling task performance. As predicted, the HIV+ group performed worse on the gambling task, indicating greater risky decision making. Specifically, the HIV+ group selected more cards from the "risky" or disadvantageous deck that included relatively large payoffs but infrequent large penalties. The control group also selected such risky cards but quickly learned to avoid them. Exploratory analyses also indicated that in the HIV+ group, but not in the control group, gambling task performance was correlated with Stroop Interference performance and long delay free recall on the California Verbal Learning Test, suggesting the role of inhibitory processes and verbal memory in the poorer gambling task performance in HIV. These findings indicate the usefulness of the gambling task as a laboratory tool to examine risky decision making and cognition in the HIV population.
研究人员使用一项实验室赌博任务对67名感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV+）的成年人以及19名HIV血清学阴性（HIV-）的对照参与者进行了决策评估。同时，还分析了多个领域的神经认知测试表现，以探究赌博任务表现的潜在认知机制。正如预期的那样，HIV+组在赌博任务中的表现更差，这表明他们在决策时更倾向于冒险。具体而言，HIV+组从“有风险”或不利的牌组中选择了更多卡片，这些牌组包含相对较大的收益，但大额惩罚出现的频率较低。对照组也选择了此类有风险的卡片，但很快就学会了避免。探索性分析还表明，在HIV+组而非对照组中，赌博任务表现与Stroop干扰表现以及加利福尼亚言语学习测试中的长时延迟自由回忆相关，这表明抑制过程和言语记忆在HIV患者较差的赌博任务表现中发挥了作用。这些发现表明，赌博任务作为一种实验室工具，可用于研究HIV人群中的冒险决策和认知情况。
