Ohashi Fumiko, Fukui Yoshinari, Takada Shiro, Moriguchi Jiro, Ezaki Takafumi, Ikeda Masayuki
Kyoto Industrial Health Association, 67 Nishinokyo-Kitatsuboicho, Nakagyo-ku, Kyoto, 604-8472, Japan.
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2006 Nov;80(2):117-26. doi: 10.1007/s00420-006-0109-4. Epub 2006 May 31.
The present study was initiated to establish the reference levels of Co, Cu, Mn, and Ni in urine of women in the general Japanese population.
Stored urine samples were subjected to the analysis. The samples were collected from 1,000 adult women all over Japan, who had no occupational exposure to these elements. Co, Cu, Mn, and Ni in urine were analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentrations were distributed log-normally, and were presented in terms of geometric mean (GM) and geometric standard deviation, as observed or after correction for creatinine concentration or a specific gravity of urine of 1.016.
The GM values of observed levels (i.e., with no correction for urine density) and of the levels after correction for creatinine (cr) concentration (values in parenthesis) were 0.68 g/l (0.60 microg/g cr) for Co, 13.4 g/l (11.8 g/g cr) for Cu, 0.14 microg/l (0.12 g/g cr) for Mn and 2.1 g/l (1.8 g/g cr) for Ni. There was a life-long age-dependent increase in Cu. Mn levels reached the maximum at 60 to 69 years of ages. In contrast, age-dependency was not substantial in Co and Ni.
Comparison with values reported in literatures for other areas showed that Co and Ni levels in urine of Japanese women are higher than, Cu level is comparable with, and Mn level is lower than others. The reasons for high Co and Ni levels deserve further study.
开展本研究以确立日本普通人群中女性尿液中钴、铜、锰和镍的参考水平。
对储存的尿液样本进行分析。样本采集自日本各地1000名成年女性，她们没有这些元素的职业暴露。尿液中的钴、铜、锰和镍通过石墨炉原子吸收光谱法进行分析。浓度呈对数正态分布，并以几何均值（GM）和几何标准差表示，以观察值或经肌酐浓度校正后的值或尿液比重为1.016时的值呈现。
观察水平（即未校正尿液密度）和经肌酐（cr）浓度校正后的水平（括号内的值）的GM值分别为：钴0.68μg/l（0.60μg/g cr），铜13.4μg/l（11.8μg/g cr），锰0.14μg/l（0.12μg/g cr），镍2.1μg/l（1.8μg/g cr）。铜含量随年龄呈终生依赖性增加。锰水平在60至69岁达到最高。相比之下，钴和镍的年龄依赖性不显著。
与其他地区文献报道的值比较表明，日本女性尿液中的钴和镍水平高于其他地区，铜水平与之相当，锰水平低于其他地区。钴和镍水平较高的原因值得进一步研究。
